Infection routes of virus

Question 1

List the routes of infection

Answer 1

• Transcutaneous
• Airborne
• Oral
• Venereal
• Transplacental
• Germinative
• Latrogenic​

Question 2

Transcutaneous infection

Answer 2

• Via injuries:
  
  • Papilloma
  • Rabies
• Arthropod vector: Arbovirus
  
  • Mosquito, tick, fly, louse
• Special: Conjunctiva (herpes)

Question 3

Airborne infection

Answer 3

Via respiratory tract

• Droplet infection
• Aerosol Particles

Question 4

Oral infection

Answer 4

• Via enteric system
• Oral cavity - lysozyme
• Stomach: Acidic pH, proteolytic enzymes
• Small intestine: Digestive enzymes, bile

Some viruses are resistant (mainly non-enveloped)

Question 5

Venereal infection

Answer 5

• Via the urogenital tract
• Sexual intercourse
• Sensitive viruses
• Often cell-associated transmission
• Herpes-, papilloma-

Question 6

Transplacental/Intrauterine infection

Answer 6

• Via the placenta
• Age/development of the embryo
  
  • Resportion, tolerance, abortion, mummification
• Herpes, parvo

Question 7

Germinative infection

Answer 7

• Via the eggs (birds)
• On the surface of the egg - hatching
• Inside the egg
• Yolk immunity

Question 8

Iatrogenic infection

Answer 8

• Non-sterile equipment
• Needle, syringe

Question 9

Mixed forms of viral routes

Answer 9

Oronasal

• E.g influenza

Question 10

List the factor influencing the result of infection

Answer 10

• Susceptibility
• Infectivity
• Amount of viruses
• Pathogenicity
• Virulence

Question 11

Susceptibility

Answer 11

Abortive infection - non pathogenic, not suitable route

• Host specturm

Question 12

Infectivity

Answer 12

Viral receptors, nucleic acid

Question 13

Amount of viruses

Answer 13

• Chances of successful infection
• Capacity of the immune system

Question 14

Virulence

Answer 14

Degree of expression (Pathogenicity)