Virus Structure And Transmission Flashcards
What are the 4 components of most viruses
Viral genome
Capsid
Envelope (lipid bilayer)
Surface proteins/spike
Which part of the virus components aren’t present in all viruses
Lipid bilayer envelope
What are viruses called because they only grow inside host cells
Obligate intracellular parasites
What is a virion
A virus particle
What makes up the capsid
Capsomere proteins
What does a true virus contain many copies of
Nucleic acid and proteins eg capsomeres
What is a nucleocapsid
Genome encased inside capsid
Which virus is the smallest
Polio
What is the largest virus
Pox
What are the 5 types of virus forms
Naked icosahedral
Naked helical
Enveloped icosahedral
Enveloped helical
Complex virus
What do naked icosahedrals and naked helicals not have
Envelope
How are viruses classified
Via size and shape
Via their infection site
Baltimore (how genome produces mrna and replicates)
Name the 3 modes of transmission between organisms
Horizontal (person to person)
Vertical (mother to child)
Zoonotic (animal to human)
Which 5 routes can horizontal transmission occur
Oral - faecal
Respiratory (inhalation)
Sexual transmission
Urine
Mechanical (blood products)
How does respiratory horizontal transmission occur
Droplets can be inhaled or transmitted from surfaces into eyes, mouth and nose
What happens to particles like influenza which is respiratorily transmitted if they get into surfaces
They become dessicated eventually if not transmitted to another host
Name some viruses from sexual transmission
Hiv
Herpes
Hepatitis B
Which virus can be spread in urine and oral faecal
Polio
How does mechanical transfer work
Blood transfusions, piercings, tattoos
Which 2 viruses spread mechanically in blood
Hiv and hepatitis C
Which 3 ways does vertical transmission occur
Via placenta
Birth transmission (perinatal)
Post natal after birth
Give an example of a perinatal disease
Herpes
Give an example of disease post natal
Hiv in milk from mother
Or hepatitis B from saliva
What is the primary host/ reservoir in zoonotic transmission
Animal in which the virus replicates in
What is the animal called which transmits the virus
Vector eg mosquito
How can yellow fever infect us via zoonotic transmission
Reservoir in monkeys
Transferred to mosquitoes
Transfer it to us (vector)
Can the reservoir and vector be the same animal
Yes
