Covid Flashcards
What are the 4 genera of corona virus
Alpha beta gamma delta
Explain the genome of covid
Ss rna + (just like hiv)
Is corona enveloped
Yes
Which protein does corona have in its genome
Nucleoproteins
Does covid have a nucleocapsid like hiv does
Yes
What are the 3 proteins found on membrane or envelope
Membrane protein M
Envelope protein E
Spike protein S
Why is the E protein needed
For viral release
What does the spike protein bind to
Ace 2 receptors in lungs , kidney, gi
Is the mrna translated as poly proteins
Yes
What are nested mrna
Mrna which encodes half of the proteins such as spike
Why are nested mrnas needed for translation
Genome is too long to have the one mrna encode for many poly proteins
Which method of entry does covid take when ace 2 is bound with spike protein
Receptor mediated endocytosis into a vesicle (like influenza)
What happens once covid is in the vesicle
The envelope fuses with the vesicle when the endosome is fused to lower the ph
Where does transcription and replication for new genome occur
Rer
Which enzyme allows transcription and replication of covid rna +
Rna dep rna polymerase
What genera does SARS, mers and sars 19 belong to
Beta genera
How did the original sars infect humans
Bats acted as a reservoir
Civets were the intermediate host
Infected humans
What was the reservoir for mers which infected humans
Camels
What 2 ways does covid spread
Through droplets and fomites (secretions from nose)
What is the asymptomatic phase called in covid where shedding still occurs
Incubation phase
How is covid diagnosed
Via PCR test
Nasopharyngeal swabs
Why does someone have a false positive test
They still have the viral rna + inside them
Picked up by PCR
How does covid later cause things like sepsis and tissue/organ damage
Due to the infected lung epithelial cells causing a cytokine storm which is inflammatory (sepsis)
What are the 3 stages of the illness
1- viral replication asymptomatic
2- pulmonary symptoms when epithelial cells infected in lungs
3- cytokine storm —> tissue damage and sepsis
Covid causes low lymphocyte levels, what is this called
Lymphophenia
What is the syndrome which is from pneumonia caused by covid
Ards
Due to inflammation in lungs
Other than normal treatments like o2 , ventilation to treat hypoxia , what 3 things fight infection
Rna dep rna polymerase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors (prevents polyprotein cleavage)
Plasma given with antibodies
Which 3 things are given as an vaccine to produce antibodies
Mrna for spike protein
Recombinant surface protein
Viral vector packaging gene
