Covid

Question 1

What are the 4 genera of corona virus

Answer 1

Alpha beta gamma delta

Question 2

Explain the genome of covid

Answer 2

Ss rna + (just like hiv)

Question 3

Is corona enveloped

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Which protein does corona have in its genome

Answer 4

Nucleoproteins

Question 5

Does covid have a nucleocapsid like hiv does

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What are the 3 proteins found on membrane or envelope

Answer 6

Membrane protein M

Envelope protein E

Spike protein S

Question 7

Why is the E protein needed

Answer 7

For viral release

Question 8

What does the spike protein bind to

Answer 8

Ace 2 receptors in lungs , kidney, gi

Question 9

Is the mrna translated as poly proteins

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are nested mrna

Answer 10

Mrna which encodes half of the proteins such as spike

Question 11

Why are nested mrnas needed for translation

Answer 11

Genome is too long to have the one mrna encode for many poly proteins

Question 12

Which method of entry does covid take when ace 2 is bound with spike protein

Answer 12

Receptor mediated endocytosis into a vesicle (like influenza)

Question 13

What happens once covid is in the vesicle

Answer 13

The envelope fuses with the vesicle when the endosome is fused to lower the ph

Question 14

Where does transcription and replication for new genome occur

Answer 14

Rer

Question 15

Which enzyme allows transcription and replication of covid rna +

Answer 15

Rna dep rna polymerase

Question 16

What genera does SARS, mers and sars 19 belong to

Answer 16

Beta genera

Question 17

How did the original sars infect humans

Answer 17

Bats acted as a reservoir

Civets were the intermediate host

Infected humans

Question 18

What was the reservoir for mers which infected humans

Answer 18

Camels

Question 19

What 2 ways does covid spread

Answer 19

Through droplets and fomites (secretions from nose)

Question 20

What is the asymptomatic phase called in covid where shedding still occurs

Answer 20

Incubation phase

Question 21

How is covid diagnosed

Answer 21

Via PCR test

Nasopharyngeal swabs

Question 22

Why does someone have a false positive test

Answer 22

They still have the viral rna + inside them

Picked up by PCR

Question 23

How does covid later cause things like sepsis and tissue/organ damage

Answer 23

Due to the infected lung epithelial cells causing a cytokine storm which is inflammatory (sepsis)

Question 24

What are the 3 stages of the illness

Answer 24

1- viral replication asymptomatic

2- pulmonary symptoms when epithelial cells infected in lungs

3- cytokine storm —> tissue damage and sepsis

Question 25

Covid causes low lymphocyte levels, what is this called

Answer 25

Lymphophenia

Question 26

What is the syndrome which is from pneumonia caused by covid

Answer 26

Ards

Due to inflammation in lungs

Question 27

Other than normal treatments like o2 , ventilation to treat hypoxia , what 3 things fight infection

Answer 27

Rna dep rna polymerase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors (prevents polyprotein cleavage)

Plasma given with antibodies

Question 28

Which 3 things are given as an vaccine to produce antibodies

Answer 28

Mrna for spike protein

Recombinant surface protein

Viral vector packaging gene