Antibiotic Treatment And Epidemics Flashcards
Name the 3 types of antibiotic action
1- bacteriostatic
2- bacteriocydal
3- bacteriolytic
What does bacteriostatic mean
Stops populations increasing by stopping division (stationary phase)
What is bacteriocidal
Kills cells which are growing to cause no increase
What is bacteriolytic
Antibiotics which lyse all cells
Antibiotics can attack bacteria by stopping protein synthesis, explain how
Can bind to 50s or 30s of ribosome
This can stop peptide synthesis or can stop attachment of the tRNA in translation
Give an example of a drug which blocks binding of tRNA in translation
Tetracycline
How can metabolism be targeted by antibiotics
They can stop chemical pathway (anti metabolites)
Or can produce toxic intermediates
Which drugs stop PABA conversion to nucleotides and how
Sulfonamide or trimethoprim
Stops blocks the enzyme which produces tetrahydrofolic acids
How can drugs target DNA and give examples
Target replication or packaging
Quinolone - targets dna gyrase (topoisomerase)
Ciprofloxacin - targets dna to treat uti or bacteremia
What is the difference rbetween antibiotic flow into bacteria in gram negative to positive
Positive - diffusion through 1 cell membrane
Negative - porin channels across both membranes
Name 3 antibiotic resistant techniques bacteria have
Efflux of antibiotic out of cell
Target modification
Inactivating enzymes (B lactamase)
What is MIC
Minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic
What does it mean when bacteria are intermediate
They require a higher MIC than sensitive bacteria to be killed
What is the breakpoint
Conc of drug which is maximal before therapeutic overdose
What if bacteria don’t die after the breakpoint of dosing antibiotics
They are called resistant
Which 2 drugs are given codependantly and why
Penecillin and sulbactum
Sulbactum will bind to b lactamase enzyme so it can’t target penecillin b lactam
Which drug is given as a last resort to kill bacteria
Colistin - breaks cell wall quickly
What is an endemic
Communicable disease which is in fine numbers as expected
What is difference between epidemic and pandemic
Epidemic is a national disease found to be spreading rapidly
Pandemic is global
