Specific Immunity (I) Flashcards
What does the adaptive response require
Cytokines from the innate response
Which subregion of an antigen is recognised by receptors
Epitopes
Do epitopes on antigen need to be unique or can they repeat
Can be unique or repeat on same antigen
What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity
Humoral
Cell mediated
How is humoral immunity transferred diff to cell mediated
Humoral is via serums
Can be against free living antigens (EC pathogens)
Cell mediated immunity is transferred by cell
Only work on intracellular antigen/pathogens
Which thing causes immunity in humoral response
Antibodies produced by plasma cells (b lymphocytes)
What are antibodies before they become antibodies and what things do they bind to in humoral
BCR B cell receptors
Bind to epitopes
How can antibodies act alone on pathogens
Neutralise toxins and stop pathogen adherence
Antibodies can be adaptors. What does this mean
Where they don’t work alone
They initiate things like complement system etc / innate responses
Which cell is responsible for cell mediated immunity
T lymphocytes
What is the only things T cells recognise
MHC molecules which have processed epitopes
What cells have mhc molecules
APC, nucleated
Which types of T cells kill virus infected cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Which type of T cells produce cytokines to allow for B cell activation and further phagocytosis / inflammation
TH1 and th2 (helper)
What are the other 3 T cell types apart from th and cytotoxic
T reg cells
Memory cells (th and cytotoxic)
NK T cells
Which antibody can cause mast cell histamine release causing inflammation
IgE
Which 2 antibodies cause complement activation C3a and c5a for inflammation
Igm and igG
What causes lymphocyte proliferation
Cytokines
What happens to lymphocyte numbers in leukaemia
Increase
How many stages of lymphocyte differentiation is there
2 - from haematopoiesis then when antigen Is present
What 2 types of B cells are there after differentiation
Plasma cells (many organelles)
Memory cells
What induces effector and memory cell production
Antigen / epitope binding to receptors
What are B cell receptors BCR
Immunoglobulins (glycoproteins) on surface of B cells
Bind free antigens ie humoral
How many transmembrane domains do BCR have
2
What is the region which is an antigen binding variable region called on BCR
Fab
Are T cell receptors also glycoproteins?
Yes
What do TCR bind to
Processed antigenic peptides (from MHC molecules)
Which 2 chains make up tcr
Alpha and beta
Do tcr get secreted like BCR
No. Stay attached with 2 membrane domains
How many surface BCR do B cells have for each type of antigen
1
Do plasma cells derived from same B cell have the same BCR produced (secreted as antibodies)
Yes
Which part of the spleen (secondary lymphoid tissue) are lymphocytes located
White pulp
What does red pulp in spleen contain
RBC and macrophages
Allows phagocytosis of old rbc
What are the 2 types of MALT
GALT (gut associated. Eg peyers patch)
BALT - bronchi associated (bronchi tissue and nasopharyngeal adenoids/tonsils)
