Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards
Name a few things eukaryotic microbes are important for
Food and biotech- yeast culture
Ecology - decomposers, primary producers
Can eukaryotic microbes also be microbiota mutualists or parasites?
Yes, they can live in us
How are eukaryotic microbes evolutionarily analysed
Via SSU rRNA
Unlike 16s rRNA with prokaryotes
They use 18s RRNA
Which rRNA is used for mitochondria analysis and plastid genome analysis
12 s rRNA
Is mitochondria genome circular or linear
Both
What does the mt genome encode
Proteins for OP and rRNA/trna for protein synthesis
Where are most proteins for mt encoded and how do they get to mitochondria
Nucleus then translocate via TOM and TIM23 using ATPase
What did the archaezoa hypothesis suggest
The nucleus came before the mitochondria endosymbiosis of a proteobacterium
Suggested first eukaryotes were anaerobes
Which 3 reasons was the archaezoan hypothesis wrong
1- archaezoa were aerobes too
2- mt genes found in archaezoa genome
3- double membrane organelles derived from mitochondria found in all archaezoans
Give example of a mt gene found on archezoan genome
Hsp70
Name the 5 major lineages of eukaryotes
1- opisthokonta
2- excavata
3- amoebozoa
4- archaeplastida
5- SAR
Which 3 organisms are in the SAR lineage
Stramenopiles
Alveolata
Rhizaria
Give example of opisthokonta lineage eukaryotes
Animals, fungi, MICROSPORIDIA
Give an example of excavata
Euglena
Give example of archaeplastida
Plants
Red algae
Which 2 organelles are thought to be the homologs of mitochondria in archaea / eukaryotes
Hydrogenosomes
Mitosomes
What are 3 characteristics of hydrogenosomes
Produce hydrogen
Produce atp via substrate level phosphorylation
Some have a genome like mt do
Give 3 characteristics of mitosomes
Reduced size
No genome
No atp production
Which 2 areas do eukaryotes without full mt but the other 2 live
In anaerobic areas (under sea etc)
Intracellular in the body (parasitic or microbiota)
Give an example of a microbiota intracellular
MICROSPORIDIA (opisthokonta)
Why is it important for all eukaryotes to have a mt organelle even if it’s not in use
Possess the protein machinery for Fe S clusters
Why is Fe S clusters possessed by mt important
Electron transfer
Dna synthesis
Protein synthesis
Protein scaffolding
The circular genome of plastids have 2 inverted repeats of which gene
rRNA genes
What genes are common in plastics
Ones for photosynthesis
What is the difference between primary endosymbiosis and secondary endosymbiosis of plastics
Primary- eukaryotes/archaea which directly endosymbiosed Cyanobacteria
Secondary - a euk cell which endosymbiosed another euk cell containing a plastid endosymbiont
Which eukaryotic lineage has a primary plastid
Archaeplastida eg red algae / plants
Give an example of a free living stramenopile
Diatoms- algae which live in water
Stramenopiles can also be parasitic , give example
Oomycetes (plant parasite)
Blastocystis (animal gut parasite)
Give 3 examples of alveolata
Dinoflagellates
Ciliates
Apicomplexa
Is dinoflagellates free living or parasitic
Free living
Are ciliates free living or parasitic
Both
Are apicomplexa free living or parasitic
Parasitic in animals
