Why Is Studyinf Bacteria Importanf

Question 1

Why is abundance of bacteria important

Answer 1

They can be found in diverse types of niches and show evolutionary changes

Question 2

Why are bacteria important in activity to us

Answer 2

They are responsible in the C,N,S,P,O cycle for nutrients

Question 3

What are the bacteria called that live in our optimum body temp

Answer 3

Mesophiles (form our microbiomes)

Question 4

How are prokaryotes different to us

Answer 4

Cell wall, circular chromosomes/plasmids

Diff dna rep, transcription and translation bacteria have

Question 5

What are the 6 fields in biotechnology bacteria are used

Answer 5

1- recombinant dna tech (insulin)

2- biologic drugs (humanised monoclonal antibodies)

3- forming chemicals when fermented (amino acids,nutrients)

4- form natural drugs (anti cancer etc)

Industrial enzymes - proteases

6- synthetics field eg biofilms

Question 6

How can humanised monoclonal antibodies (biologic drugs from bacteria) help prognosis of melanoma

Answer 6

They bind onto proteins which if patients have then they have a higher prognosis

Question 7

Name 4 foods which bacteria are important in making

Answer 7

1- yoghurt (contains lactic acid bacteria)

2- cheese

3- sauer kraut (fermented bacteria)

4- probiotics (eg Yakult gut bacteria)

Question 8

Although bacterial deaths have declined, which are still rising

Answer 8

TB

Cholera

Septicaemia

Question 9

What is the microbiota

Answer 9

Bacteria which live in us

Question 10

What is the micro biome

Answer 10

The genes we have from the microbiota mesophiles

Question 11

Why is the micro biome important

Answer 11

Protection against pathogens

Immune system defence

Vitamin production

Promote fat store

Modulation or CNS

Question 12

What at birth allows modulation of microbiota inside us

Answer 12

Milk oligosaccharides promote microbiota

Question 13

Why is the microbiota linked to colon cancer

Answer 13

It was found healthy patients had a different gut micro biome than people with colon cancer

Question 14

Why are microbiomes important In melanoma treatment

Answer 14

They give a better response to the antibody immunotherapy if they have the gut micro biome

Question 15

Give 2 examples of how microbiology have been used for cancer research

Answer 15

Viruses which silence human gene expression

Bacteria which defence mechanism can edit human genes

Question 16

How does virus silence genes for autophagy preventing cancer

Answer 16

The virus is built to be complementary to the ATG5 protein MRNA and stops its translation into a protein

ATG5 therefore can’t produce auto phagosome

Question 17

Which type of cancer was the virus which silenced ATG5 used to infect

Answer 17

Melanoma cells injected with the silencing virus to stop autophagy

Question 18

How was this ATG5 virus produced from 3 plasmids

When injected they form a virus with comp rna to ATG5

Answer 18

1 envelope encoding plasmid to form envelope of virus

1 genome plasmid which had the rna comp to ATG5

1 virion encoding plasmid to form virus

Question 19

How can we use crispr to knockout genes for the receptors eg on lymph notdes to stop spread

Answer 19

We can test whether melanoma cancer spreads via R1 or R2 by knocking out via double strand break at the pam sequence