Virology - Microbio Handout Flashcards
DNA virus that is not icosahedral
Poxvirus
All DNA virus are icosahedral
RNA virus that is not helical
Rhabdovirus - bullet shape
Only RNA virus have helical symmetry
RNA virus wuth icosahedral symmetry
- PIcorna
- Toga
- Calici
- Hepevirus
- REovirus
- Flavivirus
[Viral protein]
attachment to host cell
surface protein
[Viral protein]
interaction between nucleocapsid and envelope
matrix protein
The viral envelope is a lipid membrane that is derived from ___ cell
host cell
acquired through budding
Virus that acquired their envelope from nuclear membrane
Herpesvirus
Examples of Naked Viruses
- Calici
- Picorna
- Reo
- Parvo
- Adeno
- Papilloma
- Polyoma
NAKED CPR PAPP
Name the Naked DNA viruses
- Papilloma
- Adeno
- Parvo
- Polyo
PAPP
Name the naked RNA viruses
- Calici
- Picorna
- Reo
- Hepe
CPRH
___ space between the nucleocapsid and envelope
Tegument
All viruses are haploid except
Retrovirus
Name the RNA virus with segmented genome
- Bunya
- Orthomyxo
- Arena
- Reo
BOAR
To transcribe negative strand to positive strand, these viruses carry what enzyme
RNA-dependent polymerase
__ stranded RNA viruses looks like a mRNA thus it can be translated by the host RNA
Positive strand
What are your negative stranded RNA virus?
- Arena
- Bunya
- Para
- Ortho
- Filo
- Rhabdo
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Which DNA virus has a single stranded DNA genome?
Parvo
Most DNA viruses have both positive and negative strand
This double-stranded DNA has a complex structural protein which look like a box
Pox = box
All dsDNA have icosahedral symmetry
Between negative and positive strand, which strand is used for transcription to mRNA?
Negative strand
[Virus life cycle]
Cite the life cycle of the virus
- Adsorption
- Penetration and Uncoating
- Synthesis (DNA/RNA)
- Assembly
- Release
[Receptors used by viruses]
CMV
integrins (heparan sulfate)
[Receptors used by viruses]
EBV
CD21
[Receptors used by viruses]
HIV
- CD4
- CXCR4
- CCR5
[Receptors used by viruses]
Parvovirus B19
P antigen on RBC
[Receptors used by viruses]
Rabies
Nicotinic AChR
[Receptors used by viruses]
Rhinovirus
ICAM-1
What are examples of your virulence factors?
- Cytokine decoys (bind to and block cytokines)
- Virokines
- Antigenic variants
Presence of IgM in serologic test means that the there is ___ infection
Current
Presence of IgG in serology means that there is ___ infection
past
What is the gold standard in viral diagnosis?
Presence of viral DNA or RNA
What are examples of your live vaccines?
MISS CRY
- MMR
- Influenza
- Smallpox
- Sabin polio
- Chicken pox
- Rotavirus
- Yellow fever
What are examples of your killed vaccines?
- Rabies
- Influenza (injected)
- Salk polio
- Hep A
[DNA virus]
Cite examples of DNA virus
- Hepadna
- Herpes
- Herpes
- Adeno
- Pox
- Parvo
- Polyoma
- Papilloma
All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA except
Parvovirus
All DNA viruses have linear DNA except
- Hepadna
- Polyoma
- Papilloma
All DNA viruses are icosahedral except
Pox
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except
Pox
[DNA Virus]
causes 5th disease
Parvovirus B19
[Diagnose]
bright red cheek rash
fever
coryza
sore throat
Parvovirus
5th Disease
[DNA Virus]
can cause aplastic crisis especially in children with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, spherocytosis
Parvovirus
Chronic B19 infection can cause pancytopenia
[DNA Virus]
can cause hydrops fetalis 2nd trimester
parvovirus B19
[DNA Virus]
only virus with fiber
adenovirus
[DNA Virus]
adenoviridae can cause ___ cystitis
hemorrhagic cystits
[DNA Virus]
Adenoviridae is Cowdry type ___ intranuclear inclusions
Type B
[DNA Virus]
HPV affects what genes?
Gene E6 = inhibit p53
Gene E7 = inhibit Rb
[DNA Virus]
HPV strain that can cause skin and plantar warts
HPV 1-4
Tx if Skin: liquid nitrogen
Tx if plantar: salicylic acid
[DNA Virus]
HPV strain that can cause condyloma acuminata
HPV 6, 11
Tx: podophyllin
[DNA Virus]
can cause cervical, penile, anal CA
HPV 16, 18, 31, 33
[DNA Virus]
Can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS
JC polyoma virus
Demyelinating, affects oligodendrocytes - deficit speech, coordination, memory
[DNA Virus]
can cause hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with solid organ (kidney) and bone marrow transplant
BK polyoma virus
[DNA Virus]
Cause stomatitis, herpes labialis
temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV1
[DNA Virus]
cause herpes genitalis
HSV 2
[DNA Virus]
infectious mononucleosis
EBV
[DNA Virus]
cause congenital mononunucleosis
CMV
[DNA Virus]
can cause kaposi sarcoma
HHV 8
[DNA Virus]
Site of latency of HSV 1
trigeminal ganglia
[DNA Virus]
Site of latency of HSV 2
lumbosacral ganglia
[DNA Virus]
Giving of acyclovir to patients with HSV will lead to __
- Shortens duration
- Reduce extent of shedding
- No effect on the latent state
[DNA Virus]
VZV becomes latent in which part of the body?
dorsal root ganglia
[Diagnose]
Vesicular centrifugal rash
dewdrop on a rose petal
cause reye syndrome
varicella
Tx: acyclovir
[Diagnose]
facial nerve paralysis after a varicela infection
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
[DNA Virus]
CMV virus is cultured where
shell tubes
Owl’s eye
[DNA Virus]
CMV has a __ heterophil test
negative
What are the features of congenital CMV infection?
most common cause of congenital abnormalities
- Microcephaly
- Seizures
- Deafness
- Jaundice
- Purpura
What is the DOC for CMV?
Ganciclovir
CMV is largely resistant to acyclovir
[DNA Virus]
EBV preferentially infects what lymphocytes?
B lymphocyte
[DNA Virus]
“Kissing disease”
Infectious mononucleosis = EBV
[DNA Virus]
what is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis?
splenic rupture
[DNA Virus]
What are the associated malignancies in EBV common in african people?
Burkitt Lymphoma
[DNA Virus]
What CA is associated with EBV infection that is common in chinese people?
NPCA
[DNA Virus]
CA in HIV patients that is associated with EBV infection
Hairy Leukoplakia
[DNA Virus]
rose-clored macules appear AFTER a high fever with erythematous papules on soft palate and base of uvula
HHV-6 = Roseola = Exanthem Subitum = 6th disease
Nagayama spots refer to?
erythematous papules on soft palate and base of uvula
[DNA Virus]
red or purple patches on the skin
Kaposi = HHV 8
[DNA Virus]
Classic kaposi sarcoma affects middle aged and elderly men of what race
Mediterranean/Ashkenazi Jews
[DNA Virus]
Due to their similarity, kaposi sarcoma should be differentiated from ____
bacillary angiomatosis (bartonella)
[DNA Virus]
Largest DNA virus
poxviridae
Only virus that is complex
[DNA Virus]
Guarnieri bodies
small pox
[DNA Virus]
Henderson-Paterson bodies
Molluscum contangiosusm
[DNA Virus]
What is the DOC for molluscum contangiosum
Cidofovir
[DNA Virus]
Hepatitis virus with incomplete circular double-stranded DNA
hepatitis B
[DNA Virus]
___ only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcriptase with mRNA as the template
Hep B
IT HAS NO CYTOPATHIC EFFECT
[DNA Virus]
What is the soluble component of the viral core (in HBV)
HBeAg
[DNA Virus]
What is the DOC for HBV?
- Interferon alpha
2. Lamivudine
What virus is associated with polyarteritis nodosa?
HBV
All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except
- Reo
2. Rota
All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except
- Retro
2. Influenza
[RNA Virus]
What are examples of your Picornaviridae viruses?
- Poliovirus
- Echovirus
- Rhinovirus
- Coxsackie
- Hep A
- Picorna
PERCHed on a PIC
[RNA Virus]
Poliovirus replicates in which part of the body
Motor neurons in anterior horn of the spinal cord
[Polio spectrum of disease]
most common clinical form, mild, febrile illness with headache, sore throat, nausea, vomiting
Abortive poliomyelitis
[Polio spectrum of disease]
flaccid paralysis, permanent motor nerve damage
paralytic poliomyelitis
Polio virus is classified as Cowdry type ___ intranuclear inclusion
Type B
Polio vaccine that is live, attenuated?
Sabin OPV
[Salk/Sabin]
induces intestinal IgA, affords secondary protection
Sabin
[Salk/Sabin]
interrupts transmission, interferes replication,
Sabin
[Salk/Sabin]
Induces humoral IgG
Salk
[RNA Virus]
Vesicular rash on hands and feet
ulceration in the mouth
HFMD
Coxsackie virus
[RNA Virus]
Fever, sore throat, tender vesicle in oropharynx
no vesicular rash on hands and feet
Coxsackie - Herpengina
[RNA Virus]
Most common cause of viral myocarditis and pericarditis
Coxsackie
[RNA Virus]
most common cause of asceptic meningitis
Coxsackie
[RNA Virus]
Rhinovirus replicate better at what temperature?
33 deg C
[RNA Virus]
What is the most important test to detect Hep A
Anti-HAV IgM
[RNA Virus]
Also known as enterovirus 72
HAV
[RNA Virus]
Hepatitis E has a high mortality in this special group
pregnat
[RNA Virus]
most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in ADULTS
Norovirus
[RNA Virus]
most common cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus - Reoviridae
[RNA Virus]
the type of diarrhea in rotavirus infection?
Malabsorption
NOT SECRETORY
[RNA Virus]
What are the major antigens in influenza?
- Hemeagglutinin
2. Neuraminidase
[RNA Virus]
What influenza strain can cause worldwide epidemics?
Influenza A
[RNA Virus]
What influenza strain can cause outbreaks?
Influenza B
[RNA Virus]
in influenza, what enzyme cleaves the membrane to release progeny virus from infected cell?
Neuraminidase
[RNA Virus]
in influenza, what binds to the cell to the cell surface receptor to initiate infection of the cell
Hemagglutinin
[RNA Virus]
In influenza, what is the target of neutralizing antibody
Hemagglutinin
[RNA Virus]
Which influenza virus has no animal source of new RNA segments?
Influenza B
Influenza pandemics are caused by ___ (shift/drift)
Antigenic Shift
Epidemics are caused by ___ (shift/drigt)
Antigenic drifts
What is the DOC for influenza A?
Amantadine
Rimantadine
What is the DOC for Influenza in general?
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
What is the potential CNS complication of measles?
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
What are you paramyxoviruses?
- Parainfluenza
- RSV
- Measles
- Mumps
[RNA Virus]
Warthin-Finkeldey bodies
Measles
Measles transiently depress ___ (cell-mediated/humoral)?
cell-mediated immunity
[RNA Virus]
Koplik spots
MEASLES
[Diagnose]
bright red lesions in a white, central dot on buccal mucosa
maculopapular rash on the face, trunk, palms, sols
cough, eye redness, stringy eye discharge,
Measles
[RNA Virus]
What vitamin reduces severity of measles infection?
Vitamin A
[RNA Virus]
Mumps initially travel to what organ prior to invading the blood stream?
local lymph nodes
[RNA Virus]
increased pain when drinking citrus juice, swelling of parotid glands
Mumps
What are the complications of Mumps?
- Parotitis
- Orchitis
- Meningitis (asceptiv)
[RNA Virus]
What are the spikes of RSV virus?
Fusion proteins
not hemagglutinins or neuraminidase
What is the most important cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
RSV
What is the most important cause of pneumonia in infants
RSV
Severe RSV disease in infants is due to immunologic cross reaction with what antibodies?
Maternal antibodies
[Diagnose]
inspiratory stridor, cough, hoarseness, steeple sign
Croup = LTB = Parainfluenza Virus
[RNA Virus]
Wine bottle sign
Croup = LTB = Parainfluenza
[RNA Virus]
bullet shaped
rabies
[RNA Virus]
negri bodies
rabies
[RNA Virus]
Rabies virus moves ___ to CNS
axonal transport
virus spreads centripetally up the nerve to the CNS
[RNA Virus]
Rabies stays in the ___ (gray/white) matter of the brain
Gray
[RNA Virus]
What are the prodromal symptoms suggestive of rabies?
- Paresthesia
2. Fasciculations at around the bite site
[RNA Virus]
___ phase of rabies
Excessive motor activity, excitation, agitation, periods of mental abberation, lucid intervals
Encephalitic phase
[RNA Virus]
____ testing i demonstrates rabies antibodies from the CSF
Flourescent Antibody Testing
What is the preferred test to detect rabies if the sample is from the saliva?
RT-PCR
What is the optimal sample for definitive post mortem diagnosis of rabies in animal
brain
What is the reservoir of coronavirus?
Horseshoe bat
What is the intermediate host of coronavirus?
civet cat
Coronavirus causing atypical pneumonia preferentially binds to what receptor
ACE-2
What is the characteristic x-ray of coronavirus pneumonia?
non-cavitary ground glass appearance
What transmits dengue virus?
Aedes aegypti mosquito
[RNA Virus]
breakbone fever
dengue
[RNA Virus]
hemorrhagic shock in dengue is due to
increased cross-reacting antibody during 2nd dengue infection
[RNA Virus]
Hepatitis virus with hypervariable region in envelope glycoprotein
Hep C
[RNA Virus]
What are the serologic markers to diagnose Hep C virus?
- Anti-HCV
2. HCV RNA
What is the most prevalent blood-borne pathogen
Hep C
Replication of hep C virus in the liver is enhanced by ___
liver specific micro RNA
[RNA Virus]
Hep C has an autoimmune reactions with what porphyrin subtype
porphyria cutanea tarda
What is the main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hep C
[Diagnose]
Fever
3 day maculopapular rash + posterior auricular LAD
German measles = rubella
[RNA Virus]
can cause immune complex polyarthritis in adults
rubella = german measles
[RNA Virus]
What are the associated abnormalities in Congenital Rubella Syndrome?
- PDA
- Congenital cataracts
- Sensorineural deafness
- Mental retardation
[RNA Virus]
What is the fusion protein in HIV?
gp 41
[RNA Virus]
What is the surface protein of HIV?
gp120
p24 refers to the ___ of HIV
icosahedral core
[RNA Virus]
what directs the entry of the dsDNA provirus into the nucleus
MA (p17)
[RNA Virus]
HIV RNA is tightly complexed with a basic protein called ___
NC p7
[HIV proviral genome]
What is the binding site for host transcription factors?
LTR
[HIV proviral genome]
what codes for reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, ribonuclease
pol
[HIV proviral genome]
what codes for capsid, matrix protein, nucleocapsid protein
gag
[HIV proviral genome]
what codes to promote infectivity of cell-free virus
vif
[HIV proviral genome]
what is its transcriptional activator
vpr
[HIV proviral genome]
what encodes for efficient virion budding
vpu
[HIV proviral genome]
what codes for envelope glycoproteins
env
[HIV proviral genome]
what is essential for efficient viral replication
nef
[HIV proviral genome]
what regulate the structural gene expression
tat, rev
[HIV proviral genome]
gag encodes for
- p17
- p24
- p7
- p9
[HIV proviral genome]
pol encodes for
- Protease
- Reverse transcriptase
- Endonuclease
[HIV proviral genome]
env encodese for
- gp 160
2. gp 160 splits into gp 120 and gp41
[HIV]
protein component of nucleocapsid
p24, p7
[HIV]
protein component of matrix
p17
[HIV]
protein in which antigenicity changes rapidly
gp120
[HIV]
serologic markers detect antibodies against this protein
p24
[HIV]
in gp120, which part is the most immunogenic region
V3 loop
[HIV]
antibody to this neutralizes HIV infectivity
gp120
[HIV]
what protein activates transcription of viral genes?
tat
[HIV]
what protein transport of late mRNAs to cytoplasm
rev
[HIV]
what protein enhances hypermutation
vif
[HIV]
what protein transport in nondividing cells
vpr
[HIV]
enhances virion release
vpu
[HIV Phase]
rapid viral replication, HIV test negative
phase 1
[HIV Phase]
peak of viral load, positive HIV test, mild flu-like illness
phase 2 seroconversion
[HIV Phase]
asymptomatic, CD4 goes down
latent
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
HSV esophagitis
<500
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
esophageal candidiasis
<500
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
kaposi sarcoma
<500
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
disseminated TB
<500
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
cerebral toxiplasmosis
<200
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
coccidiodomycosis
<200
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
chronic diarrhea
<200
C. parvum
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
meningoencephalitis
<200
C. neoformans
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
invasive pulmonary disease
<50
M. avium
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
histoplasmosis
<50
H. capsulatum
[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level]
CMV retinitis
<50
Presumptive diagnosis is detected via
ELISA
Definitive diagnosis of HIV?
Western blot
[Diagnosis]
flower shaped nucleus
HTLV
[Diagnosis]
retrovirus causing adult Tcell leukemia and mmyelopathy
HTLV
[Diagnosis]
Thread like virus
Ebola
[Diagnosis]
most common cause of epidemic encephalitis
Japanese B encephalitis
[Diagnosis]
JE encephalitis presents as ___ in CT
thalamic infarcts
[Diagnosis]
JE encephalitis is transmitted by
Culex mosquito
