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Infectious Disease (OSI type) > Pediatric Infections > Flashcards

Pediatric Infections Flashcards

1
Q

[Diagnosis: Red eye in neonates]

Red eye with purulent discharge, tense edema of eyelids with marked chemosis

incubation 2-5 days

A

N. gonorrhoeae

Tx: Ceftriaxone 50mg/kg/day SD

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2
Q

[Diagnosis: Red eye in neonates]

mild to severe swelling of eyelids with copious purulent discharge

incubation 5-14 days

A

C. trachomatis

Tx: Erythromycin 50mg/kg/day q6 hours for 14 days

Giemsa stain - epithelial cells scraped from the tarsal conjunctiva for intracytoplasmi inclusions

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3
Q

[Diagnosis: Red eye in neonates]

edema of eyelids, purulent discharge, pannus formation, endophthalmitis

A

P. aeruginosa

Tx: Systemic Abx, gentamicin eye ointment

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4
Q

[Diagnosis: Eye infections]

Conjunctivitis

Red itchy eyes
thin exudates
pain and photphobia
cough and colds

A

Adenovirus

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5
Q

[Diagnosis: Eye infections]

Conjunctivitis
red eyes
presence of pus

A

Staphylococcus

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6
Q

[Diagnosis: Eye infections]

Conjunctivitis

red eyes, pus, inclusion bodies

inturned eye lashes, corneal scarring, blindness

A

Chlamydia

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7
Q

[Diagnosis: Eyelid infections]

stye

A

staphylococcus

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8
Q

[Diagnosis: Eyelid infections]

Bilateral eyelid swelling, eosinophils, muscle pain, history of infection

A

Trichnella

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9
Q

[Diagnosis: Eyelid infections]

unilateral inflammation at bite site around eye or mouth

history of travel to mexico or south america

A

T. cruzi

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10
Q

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

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11
Q

[Drug of choice]

Echinococcus granulosis

A

Albendazole

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12
Q

[Drug of choice]

ascaris

A

Albendazole

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13
Q

[Drug of choice]

capillaria

A

Albendazole

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14
Q

[Drug of choice]

ancylostoma

A

Albendazole

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15
Q

[Drug of choice]

trichuris

A

mebendazole

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16
Q

[Drug of choice]

enterobius

A

pyrantel pamoata

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17
Q

[Drug of choice]

strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

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18
Q

[Drug of choice]

Wuchererua and brugia

A

DEC

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19
Q

[Drug of choice]

Trichnella

A

Thiabendazole

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20
Q

[Diagnosis]

Retinopathy with keratitis in a newborn or a young child

mother has history of drug abuse

A

CMV

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21
Q

[Skin infections]

Furuncle
Carbuncle

neck, face, axilla, buttocjs

A

Staphylococcus

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22
Q

[Skin infections]

Furuncle
Carbuncle

has bath tub at home, neck down

A

Pseudomonas

Hot tub folliculitis

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23
Q

[Skin infections]

Inflammation of sebaceous glands and follicles

Teenager

A

Propionibacterium

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24
Q

[Cutaneous lesions]

multiple infected wounds on the lower extremities

mosquito bites

PE: multiple, dry, heaped up, tightly adherent crust

A

Ecthyma

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25
Q

[Cutaneous lesions]

lesion started from a bite

initially vesicular, then becoming honey crusted lesion, catalase negative, no pain, no systemic symptoms

A

GABHS

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26
Q

[Cutaneous lesions]

lesion started from a bite

initially vesicular, longer lasting, becoming bigger bullae, catalase positive

A

Staphylococcus

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27
Q

__ disease is the old name for SSSS

A

Ritter Disease

DOC: Oxacillin

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28
Q

[Diagnose}

Fever, malaise, anorexia, headcahe

Rash that simultaneously appear of all stages

A

Varicella

Vaccinate exposed within 3-5 days

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29
Q

Indications for passive with VZIG

A
  1. ICC
  2. Pregnant
  3. Newborns whose mother had chickenpox x 5 days before up to 2 days after delivery

Dose: VZIG 125U/10kg max 625 units to be given within 96 hours after exposure

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30
Q

[Vesicular Lesions]

Neurological pain, dermatomal distribution

A

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

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31
Q

[Vesicular Lesions]

Very large bullous lesions, progressing rapidly

preceded by fever, fatigue, malaise, toxic patient with denuded areas

A

SSSS

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32
Q

[Vesicular Lesions]

Multiple vesicular lesions, different stages

A

Varicella

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33
Q

[Cellulitis or subcutaneous lesions]

Inflamed erythematous skin, tender and warm

red, raised, butterfly rash in appearance with derma pain and rapid spread

A

Erysipelas (GAS/S. pyogenes)

St. Anthony’s fire

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34
Q

[Cellulitis or subcutaneous lesions]

Inflamed erythematous skin, tender and warm

after contact with saltwater or oysters

A

V. vulnificus

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35
Q

[Cellulitis or subcutaneous lesions]

Inflamed erythematous skin, tender and warm

burn patient, blue green pus, grape-like odor

A

Pseudomonas

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36
Q

[Lymphocutaneous lesions]

Solitary or lymphocutaneous lesiosns, rose gardeners, likes lying in the garden

A

Sporothric schenckii

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37
Q

[Lymphocutaneous lesions]

painful genital ulcer and inguinal femoral lymphadenopahty

A

C. trachomatis

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38
Q

[Lymphocutaneous lesions]

Painful genital ulcer, inguinal and femoral lyphadenoapthy

A

C. trachomatic LGV

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39
Q

[Granulomatus lesions]

Granulomatous lesions with draining sinus tracts

Jaw area swelling, carious teeth, dental procedure yellow granules

A

Actinomyces

Facultative anaerobe, G+

Tx: Penicillin18 to 24 MU for 2 to 6 weeks
then Oral penicillin or amoxicillin for 6 to 12 months

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40
Q

[Granulomatus lesions]

Granulomatous lesions with draining sinus tracts

Tropucal fish enthusias

A

Mycobacterium marinum

Tx: Clarithromycin or ethambutol

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41
Q

[Granulomatus lesions]

Granulomatous lesions with draining sinus tracts

subcutaneous swelling of shoulder, sinus tract formation, granules

A

Nocardia

obligate aerobe, partially acid fast, beaded, branching

Tx: TMP-SMX

42
Q

[Diagnosis]

pustule to dark red fluid filled to necrosis to black eschar

malignant pustule

A

B. anthracis

Tx: Ciprofloxacin 30mg/kg/day TID

43
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

Fever, headache, rash border bite site

Target Lesion Bulls Eye

A

Borrerliela burgdorfori

Tick bite, erythema migrans

Tx: Doxycycline 2.2 mg/kg BID for 10 to 14 days

44
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

Animal bite, cellulitis lymphadenitis

A

Pasteurella

Tx: Co-amoxiclav

45
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

cat scratch, lymphadenopathy with stellate granulomas

A

B. hensae

Tx: Azithromycin

46
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

shallow puncture wound through tsinelas or rubber shoes

A

Pseudomonas

47
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

Surgical wounds clean

A

S. aureus

48
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

surgical wounds dirty

A

S. aureus

49
Q

[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]

Trauma

A

Clostridium

50
Q

[Diagnosis: ENT Infection]

Red, bulging tympanic membrane, fever

A

S. pneumoniae

51
Q

[Diagnosis: ENT Infection]

Sinus pain
Low grade fever

A

S. pneumoniae

52
Q

[Diagnosis: ENT Infection]

Common cold

Sneezing
scratching
runny nose

A

Rhinovirus

53
Q

[Diagnosis]

No fever, non-exudative throat

pseudomembrane on throat

A

Diphtheria

Tx: Aqueous Penicillin G or erythromycin

54
Q

[Diagnosis: Sore throat]

Inflamed tonsils or pharynx

Purulent
Fever

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

55
Q

[Diagnosis: Sore throat]

White papules with red base on posterior palate and pharynx

A

Herpangina

56
Q

[Diagnosis: Sore throat]

Purulent tonsils
Fatigue
Lymphadenopathy

A

Infectious mononucleosis

57
Q

[Diagnosis: Sore throat]

Low grade fever with gradual onset of membranous nasopharyngitis

bull neck from lymphadenopathy

A

Diphtheria

58
Q

[Diagnosis: Sore throat]

Finely papular, erythematous eruption

bright red discoloration of the skin, which blanches on pressure, intense along the creases of the elbows, axillae, and groin

goose-pimple appearance and feels rough

rash fades followed by desquamation

A

Scarlet fever

59
Q

[Infectious Arthritis]

Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability

all ages except 15 to 40 years old

A

S. aureus

60
Q

[Infectious Arthritis]

Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability

Sexually active, promiscuous, 15 to 40 years old

A

N. gonorrhoeae

61
Q

[Infectious Arthritis]

Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability

prosthetic joint

A

S. epidermidis

62
Q

[Infectious Arthritis]

Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability

After GIT infection few weeks ago

A

Reiter’s Syndrome

63
Q

What are the components of Reiter syndrome

A
  1. Conjunctivitis
  2. Urethritis
  3. Arthritis
64
Q

[Osteomyelitis]

Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis

adults, children, infants with no major trauma or special conditions

A

Staphylococcus

65
Q

[Osteomyelitis]

Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis

neonates < 1 month old

A

Staphylococcus

66
Q

[Osteomyelitis]

Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis

Sickle cell anemia

A

salmonella cholearsius or enterica

67
Q

[Osteomyelitis]

Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis

history of trauma

A

Pseudomonas

68
Q

[Toxic looking rashes]

Petechiae to purpuric lesions

generalized abrupt onset with fever, chills and shock

A

N. meningitidis

69
Q

[Toxic looking rashes]

Petechiae to purpuric lesions

fever, headache, rash that includes palms and soles

A

R. rickettsii

Tick vector (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

North, central south america

Tx: doxycycline

70
Q

[Toxic looking rashes]

Petechiae to purpuric lesions

fever, headache, rash that spares the palms and soles

A

R. prowazekii

Human body louse vector

71
Q

[Toxic looking rashes]

Erythematous maculo-papular rash, sandpaper like

sore throat and fever

from trunk and knee then extremities

A

GABHS (Scarlet fever)

72
Q

[Toxic looking rashes]

Diffuse erythematous macular sunburn-like rash

desquamation on palm and soles

acute onset of fever, pharyngitis, diarrhea, hypotension

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

73
Q

[Maculopapular rashes]

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, fever,

A

Measles / Rubeola

Koplik Spots

74
Q

[Maculopapular rashes]

Posterior cervical lymphadenoapathy, cervical or auricular

A

German measles or rubella

75
Q

[Maculopapular rashes]

slapped cheek, spread to trunk with central clearing

A

Erythema infectiosum

or 5th disease

5 fingers slapping the face

76
Q

[Maculopapular rashes]

Abrupt onset of fever with URTI for 3-4 days, fever disappears and rashes appears on trunk and spread

A

Roseola or 6th disease

77
Q

[Maculopapular rashes]

Preceded by rapid onset fever, myalgia, ocular pain, hypesthesis, rashes blanch on pressure

A

Dengue fever

78
Q

What do you give for measles postexposure prophylaxis?

A

Measles Ig for prevention and attenuation within 6 days of exposure

0.25mg/kg max 15 mL IM

79
Q

When do you give measles postexposure prophylaxis for susceptible children > 1 year old?

A

Within 72 hours

80
Q

Contraindications to giving live Measles Vaccine

A
  1. < 6 months old
  2. Pregnant
  3. ICC
81
Q

Warthin-finkeldey cells

A

Measles/Rubeola

Paramyxoviridae, RNA

82
Q

Forschheimer spots

A

Rubella

Togaviridae, RNA

83
Q

If termination of pregnancy is not an option, what can you give to pregnant patients exposed to rubella?

A

0.55 mL/kg IM

84
Q

Nagayama Spot

A

Roseola

HHV 6

85
Q

Etiology of HFMD

A

Coxsackie virus A16

86
Q

Etiology of 5th disease

A

Parvovirus B19

87
Q

Complication of parvovirus B19

A

Aplastic crisis

88
Q

[Period of Communicability]

measles

A

4 days before

4 days after

89
Q

[Period of Communicability]

rubella

A

7 days before

7 days after

90
Q

[Period of Communicability]

Varicella

A

1-2 days before rash, 7 days after all lesions have crusted

91
Q

[Period of Communicability]

Mumps

A

1-2 days before onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after onset of swelling

92
Q

What are the alarming manifestations of mumps?

A
  1. edema of the homolateral pharynx and soft palate, displacing tonsil medially
  2. acute edema of the larynx
  3. Edema over the manubrium and upper chest wall
93
Q

What is the most frequent complication of mumps?

A
  1. Meningoencephalitis (enters the CNS via the choroid plexus)
94
Q

[Leptospirosis]

Criteria for presumptive diagnosis

A
  1. Symptomatic children with titers 1:100 OR greater in 2 or more specimens
  2. Asymptomatic children with evidence of exposrue and seroconversion
95
Q

[Leptospirosis]

DOC for leptospirosis in pediatric patients

A
  1. Penicillin or Tetracycline

Initiation before 7th day shortens the clinical course

Parenteral Penicillin G 6-8M Units/m2/day in 6 divided doses for 1 week

96
Q

What is the incubation period of dengue virus?

A

4-6 days

97
Q

AST or ALT value in dengue patients with severe organ involvement?

A

AST or ALT >/1000

98
Q

Dengue NS1 detects what ____

A

Virus

99
Q

[Dengue]

IgM peaks in ___ weeks after onset of symtom

A

2 weeks

decline in 2 to 3 months

100
Q

[Dengue]

What are the events present in the critical phase

A
  1. Defervescence
  2. Increasing hematocrit then gradual decline
  3. Shock/Bleeding
101
Q

[Dengue]

What are the events present in the Recovery phase of dengue?

A
  1. Reabsorption of fluid
  2. Increasing platelet
  3. Increasing IgM/IgG

Infectious Disease (OSI type) (24 decks)

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