Protozoan - Microbio Handout Flashcards
[Types of host]
Parasite attans sexual maturity
definitive or final host
[Types of host]
harbos asexual or larval stage
intermediate host
[Types of host]
does not develop further to later stages
paratenic host
[Types of host]
allow life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection
reservoir host
__ infected individual further infected with same species leading to massive infection
superinfection
[Arthropods]
intense itching, pimple-like skin rash
spread by direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact
distributed in the finger webs, wrist, axillae, areaola, umbilicus, lower abdomen, genitalia, buttocks
Scabies
Tx: permethrin
What are the components of the circle of hebra?
finger webs, wrist, axillae, areaola, umbilicus, lower abdomen, genitalia, buttocks
Scabies mite fecal matter is called
Scybala
Under a microscope, what do you look for to know if it is scabies?
- Mite
- Eggs
- Mite fecal matter
[Arthropods]
pruritus iof scalp or trunk, nits on hair shadr
P. humanus
[Arthropods]
pruritus in pubic area, nits on hair shaft
Pthirus pubis
[Arthropods]
pruritic, painful and erythematous nodule
Dermatobia hominis
[Arthropods]
pruritic, erythematous wheal, bite marks arranged in a line or cluster
Bedbug
Cimex lectularius
[Arthropods]
Drug that is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
malathion
[Arthropods]
drug that blocks GABA channel, can cause neurotoxicity
Lindane
[Arthropods]
drug that cause neuronal membrane depolarization via Na channel
permethrin
Cite examples of your protozoans of medical importance
- Sarcodina (amebas)
- Sporozoa
- Mastigophora (flagellates)
- Ciliata (ciliates)
[Protozoa]
Protozoans that infect the intestinal tract
- E. hystolitica
- G. lamblia
- C. parvum
[Protozoa]
Preferentially infect the urogenital tract
T. vaginalis
[Protozoa]
Infects blood and tissue
- Plasmodium spp
- T. gondii
- Trypanosoma
[Protozoa]
pseudopod-forming, non-flaggelated protozoa; eukaryote that lacks membrane bound organelle
E. hystolitica
[Protozoa]
In E. hystolitica, egg type is seen in the diarrheal stools?
trohozoite
contain ingested RBC
[Protozoa]
In E. hystolitica, this egg is found in non-diarrheal stool
Cyst
has 4 nuclei (entamoeba coli has 8)
[Protozoa]
in E. Hystolitica, excystation happens in what part of the body?
small intestine
[Protozoa]
what are the virulence factors of E. hystolitica
- Lectin - mediates adherence
- Amebapores for penetration
- Cysteine protease for cytopathic effect
[Protozoa]
Cause dysentery without fever; flask-shaped colon ulcers
E. hystolitica
[Protozoa]
E. hystolitica can cause mass like lesion called ameboma which is commonly seen in which part of the intestine?
- Cecal or rectosigmoid area
[Protozoa]
What is the most common extraintestinal form of E. hystolitica infection?
Ameboc liver abscess
Anchovy sauce-like aspirate
[Protozoa]
The most common location of Amebic liver abscess
- superior-anterior aspect
[Protozoa]
falling leaf motility, covered with variant surface proteins
G. lamblia
[Protozoa]
G lamblia preferentially reside in which part of the intestine?
duodenum
jejunum
upper ileum
[Protozoa]
G. lambia cyst is found in
both diarrheal and formed stool
[Protozoa]
string test is used to detect
G. lamblia
[Protozoa]
old man with eye glasses in Kohn stain
G. duodenalis
[Protozoa]
What facilitates G. lamblia’s attachment to avoid peristalsis?
- adhesive disc
2. letin
[Protozoa]
trophozoite of G. lamblia causes inflammation of which part of the GIT?
duodenum
this steatorrhea
[Protozoa]
intestinal protozoa that undergoes schizogonu and gametogony;
autoinfection in ICC
C. parvum
[Protozoa]
What is the infective stage of C. parvum?
thick-walled oocyts
[Protozoa: diagnose]
preferentially infects jejunum, self-limited non-bloody diarrhea, after oocyst excystation
C. parvum
[Protozoa]
what is the DOC for immunocompetent individuals with C. parvum?
Nitazoxanide
[Protozoa]
What is the DOC for immunocompromised patients with C. parvum?
HAART
[Protozoa]
pear-shaped, flagellated trophozoites
Exist only as trophozoites
T. vaginalis
[Protozoa]
female
watery, foul-smelling, greenish vaginal discharge
itching, burning, strawberry cervic
Trichomoniasis
What is the DOC for T. vaginalis?
Metronidazle 2g SD
[Protozoa]
Most important parasitic disease in man
plasmodium
[Protozoa]
in malaria, the asexual stage of plasmodium are ____
Schizogony and gametogony
[Protozoa]
In malaria, the sexual life cycle involves
sporogony
[Protozoa]
What is the vector of malaria?
Anopheles flavirostris minimus
[Protozoa]
what is the infective stage of plasmodium?
sporozoites
[Protozoa]
The specific trophozoite as diagnostic of plasmodium
ring forms
Plasmodium species with dormant stage
P. vivax
P. ovale
[Malaria]
___ infect RBC
merozoits
[Malaria]
ookinetes (elongated plasmodium zygotes) preferentially invade which part of the mosquito
midgut wall
[Plasmodium species]
banana shaped
P. falciparum = maurer dots = coarse granulation
Parum = maruer = coarse
[Plasmodium species]
large round, Schuffner dots
P. vivax = Schuffner = punctate granulations
[Plasmodium species]
compact, Zieman dots
P. malariae = fine dots = Ziemann
Fine Zieman
[Plasmodium species]
malignant tertian
P. falciparum
[Plasmodium species]
benign tertian
P. vivax
[Plasmodium species]
Benign quartan
P. malariae
[Plasmodium species]
benign tertian
P. ovale
[Plasmodium species]
Can have cerebral malaria
p. falciparum
[Plasmodium species]
recrudescence
P. falciparum
P. malariae
[Plasmodium species]
relapse
P. ovale
P. vivax
[Malaria]
can be diagnosed by thick and thin smears with __ stain
Giemsa
[Malaria]
granulomas found in cerebral malaria
Durck granulomas
[Malaria]
blackwater fever presents as ___
acute renal failure
[Malaria]
malaria that presents as septic shock
algid malaria
[Malaria]
Tissue schizontocides
Primaquine
[Malaria]
blood schizonticide
Chlorquine, Quinine
[Malaria]
gametocide
primacuine
[Malaria]
sporonticide
- proguanil
2. Pyrimethamine
[Protozoan]
definitive host is domestic cat
T. gondii
What test is used to diagnose acute and congenital infection of T. gondii
IgM antibody
Microscopic examination of T. gondii using giemsa stained preparation shows ___
Crescent-shaped trophozoites
What is the infective stage of T. gondii?
fecal oocyts
Diagnostic stage = bradyzoites
What limits the rapidly multiplying tachyzoites of T. gondii?
CMI
What is the most important tissue diagnosis to detect slowly multiplying bradyzoites?
tissue diagnosis
What is the CT scan finding of brain encephalitis in ICC
ring enhancing lesions
What are the features of congenital toxoplasmosis?
- Abortion
- Stillbirth
- hydrocephalus
- encephalitis
- Chorioretinitis
- hepatosplenomegaly
- intracranial calcifications
What is the DOC for T. gondii
Sulfadiazing plus pyrimethamine
What is the DOC for T. gondii for patients allergic for sulfadiazine
Clindamycin
[Protozoan]
What is the vector of trypanosma?
Reduviid bug
(Triatoma) bite
[Protozoan]
what is the infective stage of T. cruzii
Reduviid bug
[Protozoan]
what is the diagnostic stage of T. cruzii
Trypomastigotes
[Protozoan]
what is the most frequently effective tissue in T. cruzii
cardiac muscle
[Diagnosis]
unilateral palpebral swelling, nodule near bite, fever, LAD, hepatosplemegaly
Acute chagas
___ sign
unilateral palpebral swelling in Acute Chagas disease
Romana sigh
___
nodular near bine in acute chagas disease
chagoma
What is the most leading cause of CHF in latin america?
Chronic Chagas Disease
What is the DOC of Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
What is the cause of sleeping sickness?
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesinse
What is the cause of american chagas disease?
T. cruzi
What is the vector of of T. bruceii
Tsetse fly (glossina)
[Sleeping sickness]
Winterbottom sign
posterior cervical LN
[Sleeping sickness]
___ sign
deep hyperesthesia
Kerandel sign
[Sleeping sickness]
plasma cells with cytoplasmic Ig
Morula cells mott
What transmit T. brucei gambiense
Glossina palpalis
What transmits east african sleeping sickness?
Glossina morsitans
[Protozoa]
skin or eyes during trauma, immunocompromised,
keratitis
Acanthomoeba castellanii
DOC: Pentamidine, ketoconazole, flucytosine
[Protozoa]
swimming in comtaminated pool, can cause primary amenid meningoencephalitis
can penetrate the nasal mucosa and cribiform
Naegleria fowleri
DOC: pentamidine
[Protozoa]
only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease
balantidium coli
[Protozoa]
what is the main reservoir of balantidium coli?
pigs
[Protozoa]
large ciliated trophozoites or large cyst, characteristic V-shaped nucleus;
round-based, wide-necked intestinal ulcers
Balantidum coli
DOC: tetracycline, metronidazole
[Protozoa]
What transmits Babesia microti
Ixodes tick
[Protozoa]
Intraerythrocytic ring-ring shaped trophozoites, maltese cross
Babesia microti
DOC: Atovaquone + Azithromycin; Quinidine + clindamycin
[Protozoa]
what transmits sandfly
Phlebotumus (sandfly)
[Protozoa]
what is the DOC for Leishmania?
- Sodium stibogluconate (pentavalent antimonial)
What is the 2nd line agent for Leishmania spp
Ampho B pentamidine
What causes cutaneous leshmania?
- L. tropica
2. L. mexicana
What is the cause of Leishmaniasis mucocutaneous?
L. braziliensis
What causes visceral leishmania?
L. donovani
Can be a cause of of diarrhea in immunocompromised patients?
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
2. Isospora belli
What is the most common cause of red tide in algal bloom?
Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum
[Shellfish Toxin]
facial paresthesia, total paralysis, respiratory failure
Saxitoxon
[Shellfish Toxin]
Facial paresthesia, slurred speech, ataxia, diarrhea
Brevetoxin
[Shellfish Toxin]
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
okaidaic acid
[Shellfish Toxin]
diarrhea, short-term memory loss, seizures
Domoic acid