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Infectious Disease (OSI type) > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

[Diagnosis]

pseudomembranous esophagitis

A

candida

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2
Q

[Diagnosis]

pseudomembratous pharyngitis

A

Diphtheria

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3
Q

[Diagnosis]

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. difficile

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4
Q

[Fungal structure]

Single, budding

A

yeast

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5
Q

[Fungal structure]

hyphae, mycelia, mitosis

A

molds

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6
Q

[Fungal structure]

transverse walls

A

septate hyphae

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7
Q

[Fungal structure]

multinucleated (coenocytic) walls, lack regularly occuring cross walls

A

non-septate hyphae

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8
Q

What is the growth pattern of hyphae?

A

Apical growth

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9
Q

___ filamentous cells of molds

A

Hyphae

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10
Q

Growth of fluffy mass of hyphae into tissue or lab medium

A

mycelia

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11
Q

___ are hyphae with sausage-like constrictions at septations, formed by some yeast when they elongate but remain attached to each other

A

pseudohyphae

Ex. C. albicans

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12
Q

___ are formed either asexually or sexual process involving nuclear fusion and then meiosis

A

fungal spores

Ex. coinidia, blastoconidia, arthroconidia,

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13
Q

___ are fungal spores are asexual spores filamentous fungi (molds) or mushrooms

A

Conidia

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14
Q

___ are the new yeast buds

A

blastoconidia

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15
Q

___ the new yeast “buds”

A

blastoconidia

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16
Q

___ conidia formed by laying down joints in hyphae followed by fragmentation of the hyphal strand

A

Arthroconidia

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17
Q

Yeast grow into a ____ at room temperature (25 to 30 deg C)

A

mycelial form

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18
Q

Yeast grow into a ___ at body temperature

A

Yeast form

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19
Q

Amanita mushrooms cause liver necrosis due to these toxins

A
  1. Amantin

2. Phylloidin

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20
Q

Aspergillus flavis cause liver CA due to ___ toxin

A

aflatoxin

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21
Q

Can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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22
Q

Sabouraud agar has ___ thus it preferentially allows fungal growth over bacteria

A

Low pH

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23
Q

[Fungal stains]

___ is a rapid method for CSF to highlight the capsule of C. neoformans

A

Nigrosin or india ink

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24
Q

[Fungal stains]

___ uses a thick blood or bone smear to detect H. capsulatum

A

Giemsa or Wright stain

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25
Q

[Fungal stains]

___ lights up fungal elements under a fluorescent blue-white appearance on a black background

A

Calcoflour white stain

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26
Q

[Fungal stains]

dark gray to black

A

Gomori methamine silver stain

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27
Q

[Fungal stains]

hot pink to red

A

Periodic acid-schiff reaction

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28
Q

[Fungal stains]

purplish rose with a yellow background

A

Gridley Fungus stain

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29
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

Yeast with capsule

A

Cryptococcis

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30
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

hyphae, septate in skin or nail specimen

A

Dermatophytosis

31
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

hyphae, nonseptate

A

mucormycosis

32
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

yeast and pseudohyphae

A

Candidiasis

33
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

spherules

A

Coccidiomycosis

34
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

sclerotic cell (browinish cell walls)

A

Chromoblastomycosis

35
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

Sulfur granules

A

Mycetoma

36
Q

[Morphology in Microscopy]

arthroconidia in hair

A

Dermatophytosis

37
Q

[Fungal stains]

best used for studying host reaction for determining hyalin or dermatiaceous nature of fungi

A

H and E stain

38
Q

[Fungal stains]

provides high contrast with minimal background staining, better demonstration of sparsely present fungal elements in sample

A

Gomori Methamine Sulver

39
Q

[Pharma]

bind to ergosterol forming pores

A

Amphotericin B

40
Q

[Pharma]

Inhibit lanosterol 14-alpha- demethylase, blocks ergosterol synthesis

A

Azoles

41
Q

[Pharma]

inhibit epoxidation of squalene

A

Terbinafine

42
Q

[Pharma]

inhibit beta-glucan synthase decreasing fungal cell wall synthesis

A

Echinocandins

-fungin

43
Q

[Pharma]

blocks nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting DNA and RNA polymerase

A

Flucytosine

44
Q

[Pharma]

interfere with microtubule function in dermatophytes

A

Griseofulvin

45
Q

[Dermatophytoses]

What enzyme is secreted by dermatophytoses resulting to its preferential infection only in the superficial layer of the skin?

A

Keratinase

It cant grow above 37 degrees C also

46
Q

[Dermatophystosis]

No nail infection
(+) skin (+) hair

A

Microsporum

47
Q

[Dermatophystosis]

With nail and skin infection
no hair infection

A

Epidermophyton

48
Q

___ inflammatory reaction to dermatophytosis at a cutaneous site distant from the primary infection

A

Dermatophytid reaction

49
Q

____ superficial fungal infection localized to the stratum corneum; hypopigmented areas, degradation of lipids leads to production of acids and then destruction of melanocyte

A

Tinea versicolor

50
Q

[Diagnose]

spaghetti and meatballs

A

T. versicolor

Tx: miconazole

51
Q

[Diagnose]

garderner, prunes roses, thorn prick transmission

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Tx: itraconazile

Potassium iodide for cutaneous form; ampho B for systemic disease

52
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

Ohio, Missouris, Mississippi River valley

A

Histoplasmosis

53
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

US, Mexico, Central and south america

A

Coccidiodomycosis

54
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

Southeastern US

A

Blastomycosis

55
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

central and south america

A

Paracoccidiodomycosis

56
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

oval eyasts, from avian, and bat, guano habitats

A

Histoplasmosis

57
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

spherules, from soil and rodents

A

Coccidiodomycosis

58
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

infective form of coccidoides immitis

A

arthrospore inhalation

59
Q

[Diagnose]

San Joaquin Valley Fever/Desert rheumatism

A

C. immitis

Tx: Ampho B, Itraconazole

If with meningitis: Fluconazole

60
Q

What are the types of Histoplasma capsulatum asexual pores?

A
  1. Trabeculae macroconidia

2. microconidia

61
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

Patient from ohio,
Inhalation of airborne microconidia from bat guano

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

Develops inside macrophages

62
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

Broad-based bud, from eastern north america, inhalation of conidia

A

Blastomyces dermatidtidis

63
Q

___ verrucous lesion of this fungi can stimulate SCC

A

Blastomyces

Tx: Itraconazoe

If severe: Ampho B

64
Q

[Systemic Mycosis]

Dimorphic, multiple bids in wheel configuration

in Central and south America

A

Paracoccidiodes brasilenses

65
Q

[Diagnose]

fungal infection, painful ulcers on mouth and nose, can cause mad hatter fungus

A

Paracoccidiodes

66
Q

[Opportunistic Mycosis]

curd like discharge, skin lesions

esophagitis, SQ nodules, right sided endocarditis

A

C. albicans

67
Q

CALAS test used to diagnose this

A

C. neoformans

68
Q

_____ oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by wide polysaccharide capsule

A

C. neoformans

69
Q

[Opportunistic Mycosis]

abundant in soil containing pigeo droppings

A

C. neoformans

70
Q

What is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis in HIV patients?

A

C neoformans

Tx: Ampho B and Flucytosine

Chemoprophylaxis - fluconazole

71
Q

[Opportunistic Mycosis]

exist only as molds, form V shaped

A

A. fumigatus

DOC: Ampho B

If Allergic brongpulmonary aspergillosis: Corticosteroid

72
Q

___ are saprophytic,non septate without walls and branches at right angles

A

Mucormycosis

73
Q

___ stain used to diagnose PCP from BAL washings

A
  1. Toluene blue

2. Methamine silver stain

74
Q

Mycobacterium avium occurs when the CDR is less than

A

200

Infectious Disease (OSI type) (24 decks)

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