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Infectious Disease (OSI type) > Nematode, Cestode - Microbio handout > Flashcards

Nematode, Cestode - Microbio handout Flashcards

1
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for ascaris

A

albendazole

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2
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for Ancylostoma and Necator

A

Albendazole

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3
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for Trichuris

A

Mebendazole

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4
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for Enterobius

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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5
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

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6
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for capillaria

A

Albendazole

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7
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for Wuchereria and Brugia

A

DEC

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8
Q

[Pharma]

DOC for trichnella

A

Thiabendazole

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9
Q

What is the most common and largest intestinal nematode?

A

Ascaris

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10
Q

What is the infective stage of ascaris?

A

Embryonated egg

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11
Q

What is the diagnositc stage of ascaris?

A

unembryonated egg

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12
Q

Ascaris mature in which part of the body?

A

lungs

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13
Q

Ascaris turn into adult worm where

A

Small intestine

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14
Q

Worms that have a lung migration phase?

A
  1. Ascaris
  2. Hookworm
  3. Strongyloides
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15
Q

What is the diagnostic test to determine ascariasis?

A
  1. Direct fecal smear

2. Kato katz technique

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16
Q

____ syndrome

hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to lung migration of Hookworm, Ascariasis, Strongyloides

A

Loeffler Syndrome

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17
Q

___ are blood sucking nematods, presence of buccal spear in filariform larvaoe

A

N. americanus

A. duodenale

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18
Q

What is the infective stage of hookworm?

A

Filariform larvae

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19
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of hookworm?

A

eggs in feces

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20
Q

Adult hookworm live in preferentially live ____

A

distal jejunum

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21
Q

[Diagnose]

oval or ellipsoidal with thin shell egg

A

Hookworm

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22
Q

[Diagnose]

Hookworm with buccal spears of filariform larvae

A

Ancylostoma with teeth

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23
Q

[Diagnose]

Hookworm with semilunar cutting plates

A

Necator

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24
Q

What are the chronic effect of hookworm?

A

Microcytic anemia
Hypoalbuminemia

Tx: Albendazole

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25
Q

___ refers to whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiuria

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26
Q

What is the infective stage of T. trichiuria?

A

Embryonated egg

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27
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of T. trichuria?

A

unembryonated egg

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28
Q

[Diagnose]

barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs; football or chinese lanter

A

Trichuris

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29
Q

Can cause rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichuria

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30
Q

___ also called pinworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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31
Q

___ is a nematode whose parasite is confined to humans

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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32
Q

What is the most common STH in developed countries?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Tx: Pyrantel pamoate

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33
Q

What is the infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis?

A

embryonated egg

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34
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of E. vermicularis

A

eggs on perianal fold

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35
Q

Scotch tape technique is used to detect ____

A

E. vermicularis

autiinfection can occur

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36
Q

Adult E. vermicularis preferentially establish in which part of the intestine?

A

Colon (usually in the cecum)

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37
Q

___ refers to appendicitis that is fue to E. vermicularis

A

Oxyuriasis

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38
Q

___ is an STH that is a facultative parasite

A

S. stercoralis

Tx: Ivermectin

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39
Q

What is the infective stage of S. stercoralis?

A

Filariform larvae

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40
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of S. stercoralis?

A

Rhabditiform larvae

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41
Q

What is the method of diagnosing S. stercoralis wherein the fecal material is incubated in a test tube containing water

A

Harada-Mori Culture

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42
Q

[Diagnosis]

larva currens, paradoxical asthma, hyperinfection syndrome, duodenitis

A

S. stercoralis

Tx: ivermectin

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43
Q

__ is the only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird

A

C. philippinensis

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44
Q

What is the infective stage of C. philippinensis?

A

Infective larvae

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45
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis?

A

Unembryonated egg

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46
Q

[Diagnosis]

Peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

A

C. philippinensis

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47
Q

[Diagnosis]

ulcerative and compressive degeneration of enterocytes, leading to severe malabsorption

A

C. philippinensis

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48
Q

[Diagnose]

Chronic watery diarrhea, edema, wasting, protein-losing enteropathy, hypogammaglobinemia

A

C. philippinensis

Tx: Albendazole

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49
Q

___ most debilitating nematode infection

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

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50
Q

[Wuchereria/Brugia]

curved, no terminal nuclei, scrotal edema

A

Wuchereria

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51
Q

[Wuchereria/Brugia]

Kinky, present in terminal nuclei, elephantiasis

A

Brugia

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52
Q

What is the infective stage of Wuchereria and Brugia?

A

3rd larval stage

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53
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Wuchereria and Brugia?

A

Microfilaria

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54
Q

[Diagnose]

DEC provocation test

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

55
Q

____ bodies

Small epitheloid granulomas composed of aggregates of microfilariae surrounded by acidophilic hyalone material

A

Meyers-Kouwenaar bodies

56
Q

Tissue nematode

A

Trichnella spiralis

57
Q

What is the infective stage of trichnella?

A

Encysted larvae

58
Q

What us the diagnostic stage of Trichnella?

A

Encysted larvae

59
Q

[Diagnose]

larvae within striated muscles, elevated CPK

A

Trichnella

Can be diagnosed: Xenodiagnosis

Diagnosed by xenodiagnosis - T. cruzi

60
Q

[Diagnose]

larvae within striated muscles, elevated CPK

A

Trichnella

Can be diagnosed: Xenodiagnosis

Diagnosed by xenodiagnosis - T. cruzi

61
Q

[Diagnose]

nurse cell

A

Trichnella

62
Q

[Diagnose]

a nematode that is viviparous

A

Trichnella spiralis

63
Q

___ cycle contributes to the distribution of Trichnella

A

Sylvatic cycle

64
Q

[Diagnose]

fever, muscle pain, periorbital edema, eosinophilia, hemorrhagic phenomena

respiratory myositis

A

Trichnella

Tx: Thiabenzaole

65
Q

What is the vector of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Female blackfly (Simulium)

66
Q

[Diagnosis]

dermal nodules, hanging groin, lizard skin, river blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

67
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable blindness in sub-saharan africa

A

Onchocerca volvulus

68
Q

What is the effect of Onchocerca in the anterior chamber?

A

Iridocyclitis and Glaucoma

69
Q

What is the effect of Onchocerca in the limbus?

A

Sclerosing keratitis

70
Q

What is the effect of Onchocerca in the choroid and retina?

A

Atrophy and loss of vision

71
Q

Mazzotti reaction is seen in what drug?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

72
Q

African eye worm is transmitted by __-

A

deer fly or chryops

Tx: Diethycarbamazine

73
Q

What is the etiology of guinea fire worm that is transmitted when copepods swallowed in water

A

Dracunculus medinensis

live worm in skin ulcer

74
Q

Doc ascaris that can cause ocular larva migrans, uveitis, endophthalmitis

A

Toxocara canis

75
Q

Most common cause of parasitic meningitis

A

Angiostronglyus cantonensis

76
Q

Most common cause of parasitic meningitis

A

Angiostronglyus cantonensis

77
Q

[Trematode]

penetrate the skin, via snail

A

S. japonicum

78
Q

[Trematode]

ingested raw crab

A

P. westermani

79
Q

[Trematode]

Ingested with raw fish

A

C. sinensis

80
Q

[Trematode]

What is the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum?

A

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

81
Q

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma?

A

Cercariae

82
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Schistosoma?

A

Eggs

83
Q

S. japonicum is more frequently found in what vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein draining the small intestine

84
Q

S. mansoni occurs more often in what vein?

A

Inferior mesentaric veins draining the large intestine

85
Q

___ test to diagnose Schistosoma by demonstrating the ovoid egg with small hook

A

Circumoval Precipitin Test

86
Q

[Schistosoma Egg]

oval, small lateral spone, small hook or knob

A

S. japonicum

87
Q

[Schistosoma Egg]

Elongated with prominent lateral spine

A

S. mansoni

88
Q

[Schistosoma Egg]

Elongated, rpounded anterior end and terminal spine.

Found in urine

A

S. haematobium

89
Q

Acute disease of schistosoma characterized as itching and dermatitis

A

swimmers itch

90
Q

systemic hypersensitivity resembling serum sickness, associated with schistosoma infection

A

Katayama fever

91
Q

What area in mindanao has no Schistosoma infection?

A

misamis oriental

92
Q

What is the snail that is an intermediate host for P. westermanii

A

Antemelonia asperata

93
Q

What is the mountain crab that is an intermediate of P. westermanii

A

Sundathelphusa philippina

94
Q

What is the infective stage of P. westermanii?

A

metacercariae

95
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of P. westermanii?

A

unembryonated egg

96
Q

D-shaped egg

A

Enterobius vermicularis

97
Q

[Diagnose]

ovoid, thinner opercular end, thickened abopercular enf

A

P westermanii

98
Q

What is the CXR finding of P. westermanii?

A

ring-shadowed opacity

99
Q

What are the two asian liver flukes?

A
  1. Chlonorchis sinensis

2. Opistorchis vivernini

100
Q

What is the snail intermediate of chlonorchis?

A

Parafossarulus

101
Q

What is the fish intermediate of chlonorchis?

A

Cyprinidae

102
Q

What is the infective stage of chlonorchis?

A

metacercariae

103
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of chlonorchis?

A

embryonated egg

104
Q

What is the stain use to demonstrate the ovoid, melon-like ridges and abopercular proturberance of Chlonorchis?

A
  1. Potassium permanganate stain
105
Q

Inflammatory response of chlonorchis can lead to hyperplasia and fibrosis of the

A

biliary tract

106
Q

What CA is associated with chlonorchis?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

107
Q

[Cestodes]

From undercooked pork

A

T. solinum

108
Q

[Cestodes]

from undercooked beef

A

T. saginata

109
Q

[Cestodes]

from undercooked fish

A

D. latum

110
Q

[Cestodes]

from food contaminated with dog fecese

A

E. granulosus

111
Q

[T. solinum/ T. saginata]

4 suckers, present rostellum, 5-10 primary UB

A

T solinum

112
Q

[T. solinum/ T. saginata]

4 suckers, no rostellum, 15 to 25 primary UB in GP

A

T. saginata

113
Q

What is the infective stage of T. saginata?

A

Cystercerci

114
Q

What is the infective stage of T. solinum

A
  1. Cystercerci

2. Eggs

115
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Taenia

A

Gravid proglottids

116
Q

__ cause neurocystecosis

A

T. solinum

117
Q

___ has 2 sucking grooves for attachment, have operculated eggs, fish and copepods

A

D. latum

118
Q

What is the infective stage of D. latum

A

plerocercoid larvae

119
Q

What is the diagnositic stage of D. latum

A

Unembryonated egg

120
Q

What cestode can cause megaloblastic anemia due to B12 deficiency

A

D. latum

121
Q

___ scolex and 3 proglottids; one of the smallest tapeworm

A

E. granulosis

122
Q

What is the intermediate host of E. granulosus aside from man?

A

sheep

123
Q

What is the definitive host of E. granulosis

A

dog

124
Q

What is the infective stage of D. latum?

A

embryonated egg

125
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of D. latum?

A

hydatid cyst

126
Q

What is the definitive host of E. multilocularis

A

Foxes

127
Q

[Diagnose]

Multiloculated cyst, honeycomb vesicle

A

E. multilocularis

128
Q

What is the most frequently found tapeworm in developed country

A

Hymenolepsis nana

129
Q

[Diagnose]

ingestion of cystercercoid larvae from infected rice or flour beetles?

A

H. nana

130
Q

[Diagnose]

Rat tapeworm

A

H. diminuta

131
Q

[Diagnose]

Ingestion of rat flea cystercercoid larvae

A

H. diminuta

132
Q

Most common tapeworm in dogs and cats

A

Dipylidium caninum

133
Q

[Diagnose]

Barrel-shaped proglottids in stool after ingesting dog or cat fleas carrying cystercerci

A

Dipylidium caninum

134
Q

What is the DOC for Dipylidium caninum

A

Niclosamide

Infectious Disease (OSI type) (24 decks)

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