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Dealing with Threats > Virology 5: DNA Viruses 2 > Flashcards

Virology 5: DNA Viruses 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do parvoviruses replicate? What do the cells that they are replicating in have do be doing?

A

Nucleus
Cells must be rapidly dividing

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2
Q

For parvoviruses to replicate, they must be in the ______ of ______ dividing cells. What are examples of these cells in which they replicate best?

A

Nucleus
Rapidly
Ex. crypt epithelial, leukocytes, developing fetus

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3
Q

When parvovirus replicates what does it form?

A

intranuclear inclusion bodies

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4
Q

True or False - Parvoviruses are stable in environment

A

true

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5
Q

Does parvovirus require direct contact with infected animals to be transmitted? Why?

A

Does not
Stable in environment

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6
Q

What is key to limiting transmission of Parvovirus to healthy animals? Why?

A

biosecurity
resistant to heat, solvents, disinfectants, pH changes

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7
Q

What is the typical size of Parvovirus?

A

18-26 nm

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8
Q

In Parvo, how is DNA converted from ss DNA to ds DNA?

A

By host DNA polymerase

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9
Q

Canine parvovirus, mink enteric virus, and raccoon parvovirus are host-range mutants of what virus?

A

Feline panleukopenia virus

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10
Q

Feline panleukopenia are ______ in unvaccinated cats.

A

endemic

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11
Q

Feline Panleukopenia primarily occurs in what age group of cats?

A

weaned kittens after maternal antibody wanes

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12
Q

What type of pattern is seen with Feline Panleukopenia? Why?

A

Seasonal due to relation to the birth of kittens

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13
Q

In Panleukopenia, what is the result of transplacental infection?

A

fetal death (abortion)
cerebellar hypoplasia

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14
Q

Explain how/where the Feline Panleukopenia virus sheds

A

through feces resulting in contaminated environments

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15
Q

What is the predominant transmission of Feline Panleukopenia?

A

inhalation and ingestion

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16
Q

Where is viral replication of Feline Panleukopenia?

A

oropharynx and regional lymph nodes

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17
Q

In parvovirus, viremia develops in ___ hours and the virus infects ______ cells such as ….?

A

24 hours
mitotically active
intestinal crypts, bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, spleen

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18
Q

In Feline Panleukopenia virus, what does destruction of infected cells result in

A

villous atrophy and panleukopenia

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19
Q

What are the main clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia?

A

depression, vomiting, diarrhea, fetal death, intention tremors due to cerebellar ataxia

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20
Q

In Feline Panleukopenia, what does death occur secondary to?

A

dehydration and secondary infections

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21
Q

True or False: Canine parvovirus has high mortality and morbidity

A

true

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22
Q

Until adults developed immunity to Canine Parvovirus, what did pups infected in utero die from?

A

myocarditis and heart failure

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23
Q

Since adults developed immunity to Canine Parvovirus, what disease is most commonly seen and in what age?

A

acute enteric disease in dogs between weaning and 6 months of age

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24
Q

Which of the Parvoviruses continue to mutate with new variants emerging

A

Canine Parvovirus

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25
Q

How is Canine parvovirus transmitted? How is that different than the transmission of Feline Panleukopenia?

A

CPV is transmitted through ingestion whereas Feline Panleuk is transmitted through inhalation and ingestion

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26
Q

While Feline Panleuk virally replicates in the oropharynx and the _______, CPV virally replicates in the oropharynx and the ______

A

regional lymph nodes
Peyer’s patches

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27
Q

Destruction of infected cells from CPV results in villous atrophy as does Feline Panleuk however destruction of cells from Feline Panleuk also causes ______ whereas CPV causes

A

panleukopenia
immune suppression

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28
Q

What are the clinical signs of CPV and how are they similar to Feline Panleukopenia?

A

depression, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and the difference is fetal death through myocardial necrosis - panleuk has intention tremors from cerebellar ataxia

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29
Q

In Feline Panleukopenia death occurs secondary to dehydration and secondary infections. What does death occur secondary to in CPV

A

Dehydration and endotoxemia

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30
Q

What is the main issue with Porcine Parvovirus?

A

reproductive failure

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31
Q

While sows are immune to porcine parvovirus in endemic farms, gilts are not. When might they be susceptible?

A

During mating and pregnancy

32
Q

In porcine parvovirus, when does transplacental infection occur?

A

10-14 days after infection

33
Q

In porcine parvovirus, when does damage to the fetus usually occur during gestation?

A

Before 70 days - before fetus develops immunity

34
Q

In Porcine Parvovirus, what determines the outcome of a fetus?

A

Age

35
Q

In the case of Porcine Parvovirus, explain how the age will effect the outcome. What will the outcome be if embryos are infected, infection before day 70 and after day 70. What is the mnemonic to remember this?

A

Infected embryos = resorption and infertility
Before day 70 = still birth or mummification
After day 70 = pigs are born alive and healthy

Stillbirth Mummification Early embryonic Death Infertility

36
Q

Which species is parvovirus primarily enteric?

A

canine and feline

37
Q

In which species will there be some fetal death and abortion?

A

canine and feline

38
Q

Which species is more likely to have panleukopenia?

A

feline

39
Q

In utero infection in cats can result in ________

A

cerebellar hypoplasia

40
Q

Which species has primarily reproductive issues associated with parvovirus?

A

porcine

41
Q

Which species has SMEDI syndrome?

A

Porcine

42
Q

Why can different piglets from the same sow have different outcomes?

A

Each fetus has own placenta

43
Q

Unlike DNA viruses, which virus replicates in the cytoplasm?

A

poxvirus

44
Q

Instead of intranuclear inclusions what do poxviruses form?

A

intracytoplasmic inclusions

45
Q

Which virus is the largest virus that cause disease in domestic animals?

A

Poxviruses

46
Q

Are poxviruses enveloped or non-enveloped? Double stranded or single stranded?

A

enveloped, double stranded

47
Q

In what conditions are poxviruses stable?

A

Dry conditions

48
Q

What are 3 ways in which poxviruses can be transmitted?

A

aerosol
direct
mechanical (insects)

49
Q

What does infection of poxviruses usually result in? Why?

A

Raised skin lesions that progress into scabs due to viral proteins (epidermal growth factor) released leading to epidermal proliferation

50
Q

In poxvirus, endothelial infection results in ______

A

vasculitis

51
Q

In poxvirus, generalized infection results in cell-associated viremia. Explain systematic infection vs local infection

A

systemic - results in life long immunity
localized - develop transient immunity and recurrence is possible

52
Q

What does Capripox cause?

A

generalized infection and characteristic skin lesions

53
Q

True or False: Capripox has been eradicated in the US so it is considered a foreign animal/reportable disease

A

True

54
Q

What are the animals affected by Capripox? What does it cause?

A

sheep and goat
causes lumpy skin dx in cattle

55
Q

What are the 3 types of avipox?

A

fowl
pigeon
turkey

56
Q

What species does fowl pox affect?

A

chickens and turkeys

57
Q

What does Fowl pox cause

A

lesions on the head and oral mm

58
Q

What is Fowl pox transmitted by?

A

biting arthropods

59
Q

What does suipoxvirus cause and what is it transmitted by?

A

causes mild skin dx
transmitted by pig louse

60
Q

What virus is transmittable to humans?

A

parapoxvirus

61
Q

What are the 3 types of parapoxviruses?

A

orf
bovine papular stomatitis
pseudocowpox

62
Q

What species is affected by:
-Orf
-Bovine papular stomatitis
-pseudocowpox

A

-young sheep
-young calves
-cows

63
Q

Where are lesions found in orf parapoxvirus?

A

around muzzle and lips

64
Q

Where are lesions found in bovine papular stomatitis?

A

muzzle, tongue, esophagus

65
Q

Where are lesions found in pseudocowpox?

A

on teat

66
Q

What virus causes milker’s nodules in people?

A

pseudocowpox

67
Q

What are the two types of leporipoxviruses?

A

rabbit myxoma virus
squirrel fibroma virus

68
Q

What species is the natural host for rabbit myxoma virus?

A

cottontail rabbits

69
Q

Which type of rabbits develop severe dx in response to rabbit myxoma virus? Which develop mild disease?

A

mild - cottontail
severe - european

70
Q

European rabbits develop severe disease from rabbit myxoma virus what are the clinical signs?

A

swelling of facial and periocular tissues

71
Q

What species is affected by Squirrel fibroma virus and what does it cause?

A

fibromas in squirrels

72
Q

Which virus results in epithelial proliferation and vasculitis?

A

poxvirus

73
Q

Which virus are considered foreign animal diseases?

A

capripoxviruses

74
Q

Which virus infects fibroblasts leading to fibroblast proliferation?

A

leporipoxviruses

75
Q

Which viruses are considered host specific?

A

poxviruses

76
Q

Most disease is cutaneous but systemic infection can occur especially in which virus?

A

capripoxviruses

Dealing with Threats (27 decks)

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