Bacteriology Pasteruellaceae Flashcards
What are the virulence factors that allow for Pasterurellaceae can cause disease?
attachment by fimbriae or adhesions
avoidance of phagocytosis with capsules
cellular toxicity with exotoxins
local and systemic effects with endotoxins
Which gram negative bacteria do endotoxins play a greater role in?
enterobacterales
What are three negative effects exotoxins can have on a cell?
role in atrophic rhinitis
cause lung damage in pneumonia
toxic for phagocytic cells
Being that pasteruellacaea are present as normal flora how is it able to cause disease?
opportunistic infections
What host environmental factors contribute to disease development?
close quarters
poor ventilation
respiratory virus
young age
poor weather
Explain the pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections
NF in respiratory tract
Insult (virus or stress)
bacteria get down into lungs
cause pneumonia
What can occur if different strains of Pasteurellaceae are around?
being that they are not part of the NF, they are in carrier animals and are considered to be “better pathogens”
What are some examples of different strains of Pasterurellacae?
P multocida capsule type A
P multocida capsule types B and E
Which animal species does P. multocida affect majorly?
production animals and companion animals
What are the.4 basic categories of disease associated with Pasturella?
pneumonia
rhinitis
bite wounds
septicemia
What is the most important disease caused by Pasteurella?
pneumonia
What disease complex is associated with Pasteruella multocida?
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex or Shipping Fever
What does Shipping Fever cause?
severe, fibrinous, hemorrhagic, lobar pneumonia causing fibrinopurulent exudate in airways
What is a main factor that causes pneumonia from P. multocida?
transportation
What disease does P. multocida cause in rabbits?
Rhinitis - snuffles
What does snuffles cause from P. multocida?
mucopurulent with fever, nasal discharge, and respiratory distress can develop, septicemia
What is a common disease in pigs caused by P. multocida?
Atrophic Rhinitis in young pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis is a combined effect of what two bacteria?
Bordetella bronchiseptica allowing P. multocida type D to cause damage
What does B. bronchiseptica cause?
initial damage to nasal mucosa allowing P multocida to invade
How is P. multocida type D able to cause Atrophic rhinitis?
have a dermonecrotic toxin that causes bone resorption of bony turbinates and suppresses osteoid synthesis adjacent to inflamed area
What will you see clinically with Atrophic rrhintis?
sneezing
epistaxis
facial distortion
How are bite wounds able to cause disease with P.multocida?
oral flora which have mixed infections are infected with a cat or dog bite
What species can P. multocida cause septicemia in?
chickens
Are strains of P. multocida that cause septicemia associated with normal flora?
NO
What 3 diseases does Mannheimia haemolytica cause and in which species ?
Pneumonia/bronchopneumonia - Shipping Fever in cattle or enzootic pneumonia in sheep and goats
necrotizing mastitis - ewes
septicemia - lambs
What species is Actinobacillus equuli predominant in?
horses
What 3 diseases does Actinobacillus equui cause?
sleepy foal dx - septicemia in neonatal foals
peritonitis in adult horses
pneumonia and pleuropneumonia
What disease does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause?
wooden tongue in ruminants and is a result of trauma to oral cavity
will see multiple pyogranulomatous abscesses
What species is A. pleuropneumoniae predominant in? What are the predisposing factors and what does it cause?
PIGS
predisposing factors are crowding, poor ventilation, other infectious agents
causes severe fibrinous pneumonia and pleuritis
What is Actinobacillus suis?
sepitcemia in pigs 1-8 weeks old
What is Glaeserella Parasuis? What species does it effect?What are the two diseases associated with it?
PIGS
Bronchosepticemia
Glasser’s disease which causes septicemia and polyserositis which can be caused by stress
How does Histophilus somni cause disease and which species is it predominately seen in?
cows
invades and disseminates via the bloodstream and produces disease where it localizes causing thrombotic lesions due to exotoxin
What three diseases can Histophilus somni cause?
Respiratory disease
Thrombotic meningoencephalitis
reproductive failure
What disease does Avibacterium paragallinarum cause and in which species?
disease in chickens causing inflammation of turbinates, sinus epithelium,, sometimes air sacculitis
causes sneezing and facial swelling
How is Pasteruellacaeae grouped?
family
What are the main hosts affected by P. multocida?
cattle, dogs, cats, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, birds, rabbits, humans
What are the shared features associated with Pasteurellaceae?
gram negative short rods
facultatively anaerobic (but like inc. CO2)
oxidase positive
non-motile
grow on blood agar
variable growth on MacConkey Agar
Which Pasterurellacae NOT grow on blood agar? What do these bacteria grow better on?
Histophilus, Glaaeserella, Avibacterium
Chocolate agar
Which Pasteurellacae NOT grow on MacConkey?
multocida, Histophilus somni, Glaeserella parasuis
Compared to Enterobacterales, what diseases do Pasteurellacae cause?
Broader range
Which Pasteurellaceae cause more broad range of infectious disease?
Pasteruella, Mannheimia, Actinobacillus, Histophilus
Which Pasterurellacaea cause more specific syndromes?
Glaeserella and Avibacterium
Where do most Pasteurellaceae come from?
Normal flora of mucous membranes of animals and birds in the Upper respiratory tracts, digestive tracts, lower genital tract
Which Pasterurellaceae cause dx in the upper respiratory tract?
P. multifocida, M. haemolytica, Actinobacillus, G parasuis, H. somni
Which Pasteurellaceae cause dx in the digestive tract?
P. multocida, actinobacillus
Which Pasteurellaceae cause dx in the lower genital tract?
Actinobacillus suis and H somni
While most Pasteurellaceae are part of the normal flora in all animals, some are only present on _____?
carriers in upper resp. tract
Can Pasteurellaceae survive in the environment for a long time?
nope
How are Pasteurellaceae transmitted?
inhalation, direct inoculation
