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Dealing with Threats > Clin Path 1: RBC Mass and Indices > Flashcards

Clin Path 1: RBC Mass and Indices Flashcards

1
Q

Define anemia

A

a reduction in the RBC, Hgb, and PCV (or HCT)

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2
Q

What values do you focus on when evaluating a CBC for RBC mass? Which do you believe?

A

PCV or HCT - always believe PCV

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3
Q

Define erythrocytosis

A

increased PCV or HCT (often with concurrent increases in RBC count and Hgb)

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4
Q

Define polycythemia

A

erythrocytosis

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5
Q

Define macrocytosis

A

RBC larger than normal

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6
Q

What is the #1 cause of macrocytosis?

A

reticulocytosis

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7
Q

Define microcytosis

A

RBC smaller than normal

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8
Q

What is the #1 reason for microcytosis?

A

iron deficiency

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9
Q

Define hyperchromasia

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased/ small RBC

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10
Q

What does it mean if you see hyperchromasia on bloodwork results

A

artifact - no physiological state resulting in this

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11
Q

Define hypochromasia

A

MCHC decreased/large RBC

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12
Q

What is the #1 reason for hypochromasia? #2?

A

reticulocytosis
iron deficiency

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13
Q

What does reticulocytosis indicate?

A

regenerative anemia if high enough in number

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14
Q

Define metarubricytosis

A

presence of nRBCs in peripheral blood

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15
Q

What is appropriate metarubricytosis?

A

erythroid hyperplasia - occurs concurrently with reticulocytosis associated with regenerative anemia

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16
Q

What is inappropriate metarubricytosis?

A

if nRBCs are seen in the absence of reticulocytosis

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17
Q

What is considered a mild PCV threshold for dogs and cats?

A

dogs > or = 33%
cats > or = 26%

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18
Q

What is considered a moderate PCV for dogs and cats?

A

dogs > or = 24%
cats > or = 23%

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19
Q

What is considered a marked PCV for dogs and cats?

A

dogs < or = 23%
cats < or = 23%

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20
Q

What parameter is best for classifying the regenerative status of anemia for dogs, cats, and horses?

A

dog > 80,000 uL
cat > 60, 000 uL
horse …. no

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of anemia?

A

tissue hypoxia

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22
Q

What are the clinical signs of anemia as far as “symptoms” go?

A

lethargy, exercise intolerance

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23
Q

What would a veterinarian find during a physical exam of an anemia patient?

A

pale mucous membrane, hemodynamic compensation, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

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24
Q

What are possible causes of macrocytosis?

A

reticulocytosis (regeneration),
felv,
folate/cobalamin deficiency

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25
Q

What are possible causes of microcytosis?

A

iron deficiency
liver disease

26
Q

What are possible causes of hyperchromasia?

A

artifact

27
Q

What are possible causes of hypochromasia?

A

reticulocytosis
iron deficiency
liver disease

28
Q

What are possible causes of reticulocytosis?

A

blood loss
hemolysis
hypoxia

29
Q

What are causes of appropriate metarubricytosis?

A

erythroid hyperplasia

30
Q

What are causes of inappropriate metarubricytosis?

A

bone marrow disease (leukemia, fracture, hypoxia) or splenic disease

31
Q

If hypoplasia (atrophy) is the cause of anemia, is it nonregenerative or regenerative?

A

Non-regenerative

32
Q

If hemorrhage or hemolysis is the cause of anemia is it nonregenerative or regenerative

A

regenerative

33
Q

What does pre-regenerative mean?

A

takes 2-3 days to see response following cause of anemia

34
Q

If it is > 2-3 days and there is reticulocytosis what does that mean?

A

regenerative anemia likely caused by hemorrhage or hemolysis

35
Q

If it is > 2-3 days and there is no reticulocytosis what does that mean?

A

non-regenerative anemia caused by hypoplasia

36
Q

What are the components of Red Cell Mass and what does it tell you?

A

RBC
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Packed cell volume

Tells you how many red cells in the blood

37
Q

What are the components of RBC indicies and what does it tell you?

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

Tells you about the RBC such as size or color

38
Q

What is plasma and what does Plasma Appearance tell you?

A

plasma is free fluid component after spinning in centrifuge and the RBC fall to the bottom as the PCV

Plasma appearance can tell you about what is going on within the body

39
Q

What does it mean if the plasma is yellow?

A

bilirubin in blood - bilirubemia

40
Q

What does it mean if the plasma is white?

A

lipidemia

41
Q

What does it mean if the plasma is red

A

RBC are lysed - hemoglobenemia

42
Q

What should the value of Hct % be

A

equal to PCV

43
Q

What should the value of the Hgb conc be?

A

1/3 of PCV

44
Q

What does it mean if PCV is decreased

A

anemia

45
Q

How does erythrocytosis or polycyhtemia influence PCV?

A

increases PCV since free water has decreased due to dehydration

46
Q

What are polychromatophils vs reticulocytes

A

polychromatophils are bigger, bluer, and have less Hgb than reticulocytes and are only seen on stain

47
Q

What are the uses of reticulocytes?

A

Bone marrow health
RBC regeneration

48
Q

How do feline reticulocytes differ from other species

A

Aggregate - young, immature, recently released
Punctate - aggregate cells mature into punctate and stick around for 2 weeks

49
Q

What does reticulocyte number indicate?

A

if bone marrow is responding to anemia

50
Q

What are the uses of nRBCs

A

Bone marrow health
splenic health

51
Q

If an animal has macrocytic hypochromic lab values what does this indicate?

A

reticulocytes increased and regenerative anemia

52
Q

If an animal has microcytic hypochromic lab values what does this indicate?

A

iron deficiency

53
Q

What is Mean Corpuscle Value (MCV)?

A

Measures size of RBC
Micro or macrocytosis

54
Q

What is Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)?

A

Average conc. of hemoglobin in blood
Hypo or hyperchromasia

55
Q

How would sample storage affect PCV?

A

increase

56
Q

How would hemolysis affect PCV?

A

decrease

57
Q

What is the equation for HCT on a blood sampling machine?

A

(MCV * RBC) /10

58
Q

How would RBC agglutination affect HCT?

A

unpredictable

59
Q

How would hemolysis affect HCT?

A

decrease

60
Q

How would sample storage affect RBC?

A

decrease

61
Q

How would RBC agglutination affect RBC?

A

decrease

62
Q

What are 3 ways that Hgb (increased MCHC) would be affected?

A

Lipemia
Hemolysis
Heinz Bodies

Dealing with Threats (27 decks)

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