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Dealing with Threats > Bacteriology: Enterobacterales > Flashcards

Bacteriology: Enterobacterales Flashcards

1
Q

How do you interpret gram negative cocci in a gram stain?

A

you either messed up, there was some other change in cell wall, or the organism stained was not a pathogen

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2
Q

Which G- rods are oxidase negative?

A

E.coli
Salmonella
Yersinia
Klebsiella
Proteus

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3
Q

What are the main hosts of Escherichia coli?

A

all animal, birds, fish, etc

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4
Q

What major diseases does E.coli cause?

A

enteritis, septicemia, cystitis, pyometra, osteomyelitis, mastitis

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5
Q

Who are the main hosts of salmonella?

A

all animals, birds, reptiles, insects

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6
Q

What major diseases does salmonella cause?

A

Enteritis, septicemia, abortion

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7
Q

Who are the main hosts of Yersinia?

A

ruminants, cats, humans

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8
Q

What major diseases does Yersinia cause?

A

Plague, Enteritis (dysentery)

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9
Q

Who are the main hosts of Klebsiella?

A

Dogs, cows, horses, mink

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10
Q

What are the major diseases that Klebsiella causes?

A

Pneumonia, mastitis, endometritis, wound infections

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11
Q

Who are the main hosts of Proteus?

A

dogs, other species

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12
Q

What major diseases does Proteus cause?

A

cystitis, otitis externa, wound infections

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13
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of enterobacterales?

A

facultative anaerobes

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14
Q

Are enterobacterales oxidase positive or negative?

A

negative

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15
Q

Some enterobacterales are hemolytic except proteus, as they _____

A

swarm

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16
Q

What two plates do enterobacterales grow on?

A

MacConkey
Blood agar

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17
Q

Enterobacterales can be divided into 2 groups based on lactose fermentation. Which are positive and which are negative?

A

positive - e.coli, klebsiella
negative - proteus, salmonella, yersinia

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18
Q

Of the enterobacterales, which are considered good pathogens? What does this mean?

A

E. coli, salmonella, yersinia
require little host compromise and only a need a few bacteria to cause disease

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19
Q

Where do E.coli come from?

A

Normal flora from most vertebrates in the lower ileum and large intestine and survive well in environment from forming coliforms

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20
Q

How is E.coli transmitted?

A

mostly feco-oral but could be inhalation, direct inoculation, ascending infection

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21
Q

What are examples of ascending infection?

A

cystitis, pyometra, transient in urogenital tract

22
Q

Explain the significance of E.coli and virulence. What are some specific virulence factors?

A

not all strains are pathogenic
virulence factors act by
attachment (fimbrae)
avoiding phagocytosis (capsule)
cellular effects (hemolysin and CNF)
systemic effects (endotoxin)

23
Q

HWhat does the contribution of the virulence factor of E.coli depend on?

A

site of infection

24
Q

Explain how E.coli has been incriminated to have caused infectious disease in virtually every tissue and organ system

A

opportunistic pathogen

25
Q

How do you diagnose e.coli?

A

collect samples from sterile site and apply 4 point rule

26
Q

How do you treat E.coli infections?

A

there are multiple drug resistant strains so need to do an antibiotic susceptibility test
Ancillary treatment is also necessary

27
Q

Explain different methods of ancillary therapies

A

surgery/drainage/debridement
fluid therapy
anti-endotoxin therapies

28
Q

How do you name Salmonella?

A

Genus + serotype

29
Q

Where does Salmonella come from?

A

NOT NORMAL FLORA
Carrier animals
Environment

30
Q

How is Salmonella transmitted?

A

feco-oral
animal species carriers such as reptiles, cattle, horses
recrudescence of carrier

31
Q

How is Salmonella able to avoid phagocytosis and cause disease?

A

facultative intracellular parasite

32
Q

What are the 3 main clinical syndromes that Salmonella causes?

A

enteritis, septicemia,

33
Q

How are non-enteric Salmonella infections diagnosed?

A

collect sample from sterile site

34
Q

Where does Yersinia come from?

A

Yersinia pestis - wild rodents are the reservoir

35
Q

What life cycle is important pertaining to Yersinia?

A

flea-rodent-flea

36
Q

How is Yersinia capable of causing disease

A

facultative intracellular parasite

37
Q

What are the two main types of Non-enteric Yersinia?

A

Y pestis
Y pseduotuberculosis

38
Q

What does Y pseudotuberculosis cause?

A

sporadic abortion in ruminants
more severe dx including septicemia

39
Q

What disease does Y pestis cause?

A

Black death - plague

40
Q

What species does the Plague effect mostly?

A

humans and cats

41
Q

What are the 3 types of the Plague?

A

bubonic (LN)
Pneumonic (lung)
Septicemic (systemic)

42
Q

What clinical signs are seen in cats with the Plague?

A

severe depression
fever
enlarged peripheral LN

43
Q

How do you diagnose Y.pestis infections?

A

WITH CAUTION
send aspirates of pus, blood, LNs to specialized lab
report to PH
PCR

44
Q

How do you treat Y. pestis?

A

usually euthanasia but can use long course of antibiotics and need complete and total isolation for duration of treatment - treat cat for fleas immediately and lance/flush buboes (LN)

45
Q

What species of Klebsiella is the most commonly isolated in animals?

A

K. pneumoniae

46
Q

Where does Klebsiella come from?

A

NF
saprophye - sawdust

47
Q

What specific diseases does Klebsiella cause?

A

pneumonia, cystitis, mastitis, endometritis, navel ill, nosocomial infection

48
Q

What two species of Proteus are the most commonly isolated from infections in animals?

A

P. mirabalis
P. vulgaris

49
Q

Where does Proteus come from?

A

NF
Saprophytes

50
Q

What specific diseases does Proteus cause?

A

cytstits, otitis externa, prostatitis, wound infections

51
Q

How do you diagnose Klebsiella and Proteus infections?

A

isolation from sterile sites using aseptic techniques, apply 4 point rule, repeated cultures if necessary of Proteus

Dealing with Threats (27 decks)

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