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Dealing with Threats > Parasitology - Nematodes 5 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Nematodes 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two superfamilies of Spirurida?

A

Filaroidea
Non-filaroidea

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2
Q

While spirurida is a diverse order and quite difficult to find general characteristics, what do all members have?

A

an arthropod as an intermediate host

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3
Q

What do spuririda parasitize?

A

variety of tissues in vertebrate host

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4
Q

Explain the morphology and location of filaroidea

A

not in GI tract - usually pulmonary arteries
long slender worms

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5
Q

What is the direct host and intermediate host of Spirurida?

A

arthropods - (mosquitoes are intermediate hosts)
dogs are definitive

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6
Q

What do Spirurida produce?

A

ovoviviparous - Microfilariae - pre-L1 stage

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7
Q

Explain the lifecycle of heartworm

A

Mosquito feeds and ingests microfilariae with blood
mosquito matures in infective L3 2 weeks post infection
larvae deposits during subsequent bites
L3 matures into L4 in SC tissue in 1-3 days
L4 larvae migrate through tissues and are sexually immature and migrate to heart and lungs
worms develop to maturity in pulmonary artery

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8
Q

What are the 3 main disease components of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

physical obstruction of vessels
inflammation in vessel wall
progressive fibrosis in vessel

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9
Q

What disease does Dirofilaria immitis cause?

A

heartworm

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10
Q

The pathogenesis of Dirofilaria immitis can progress and what happens to the heart?

A

reduced cardiac output and compensatory right heart enlargement and failure

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11
Q

How is Dirofilaria immitis diagnosed?

A

HWT annually
microfilaria blood sample check

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12
Q

Explain the role of Wolbachia in Dirofilaria immitis

A

filarid parasites have a symbiotic relationship with Wolbachia

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13
Q

What medication is being used for treatment of heartworm infection?

A

Doxycycline

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14
Q

Explain Dirofilaria immitis in cats

A

abnormal host
worms are less successful and cats show less clinical signs as the worms die soon after infection
and more likely to migrate to abnormal sites

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15
Q

What types of eggs do non-filaroidea superfamilies produce?

A

clear, elliptical shaped, smooth, thick shell wall containing a coiled larva

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16
Q

What are Habronema and Draschia spp?

A

live in nodules in equine stomach that causes summer sore a persistent cutaneous granuloma

17
Q

What is the intermediate host of Habronema and Draschia spp?

A

stable and horse fly

18
Q

Most Enoplida in domestic animals produce what types of eggs? What is unique about the larvae?

A

eggs with 2 polar plugs with infective larvae develop and remain inside egg

19
Q

What is the worm of Trichuris vulpis

A

whipworm

20
Q

Where are whipworms found?

A

large intestine of dogs

21
Q

What is the infective stage of Trichuris vulpis?

A

embryonated egg

22
Q

How are whipworms detected?

A

bipolar egg detection in feces

23
Q

What is the pre-patent period of Trichuris vulpis?

A

3 months

24
Q

What clinical disease is seen with whipworms?

A

diarrhea +/- blood –> anemia

25
Q

What is Trichinella spp? Explain its life cycle and the important human disease associated with it

A

adult worms in small intestine of warm blood animals
larvae is produced, penetrates gut, and encysts in tissues
ingestion of pork leads to trichinosis in humans

26
Q

Where are pinworms found?

A

small adults in large intestine

27
Q

What species is pinworms found in?

A

horses, rodents, ruminants, reptiles, people

28
Q

What is the life cycle of pinworms?

A

direct

29
Q

What do the eggs of pinworms look like?

A

polar plug with flattened appearance on one side

30
Q

How are pinworms detected?

A

detection of eggs in perianal swabs

31
Q

What is the common equine pinworm?

A

Oxyuris equi

32
Q

Explain the life cycle of oxyuris equi

A

infection from ingestion of eggs
fertilized females migrate from LI and rectum onto skin and glue eggs to perianal hairs

33
Q

What does oxyuris equi cause clinically?

A

pruritis

34
Q

T/F: human pinworm is related to animals

A

FALSE - transmitted person to person

35
Q

Where are Rhabditida found?

A

free living in soil

36
Q

Rhabditida is species specific. What is the species that infects Ruminants
Horses
Dogs

A

Ruminants - Strongyloides papillosus
Horse - westeri
dog - stercoralis

Dealing with Threats (27 decks)

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