Biosecurity 1 Flashcards
What are the hierarchy of controls for workplace management of hazards from least to most effective?
PPE
Admin controls
Engineering controls
substitution
elimination
How does elimination help manage hazards?
physically remove hazard
How does substituion help manage hazards?
replace hazard
How do engineering controls help manage hazards?
isolate people from the hazard
How do administration controls help manage hazards?
change the way people work
How does PPE help manage hazards?
protect worker
What are the 3 elements of transmission of infectious agents?
- a source (or reservoir)
- susceptible host with entry portal receptive to agent
- mode of transmission for agent
I ______ create a program to _______ the risk of ________ diseases that are preventable
can/should
minimize
many
How can a pathogen get from the infected to clean cows?
food
water
close contact
Are sheep at a higher or lower risk than the cow-to-cow?
Depends on the disease
Explain the epidemiological triad of causal factors
agent
environment
host
What are some of examples of agent causal factors of disease?
virulence
infectivity
What are some environmental examples causing disease?
sanitary conditions, social context
What are some of examples of agent causal factors of disease?
genetic susceptibility, resiliency, nutritional status
Define biosecurity
cumuluative measures can/should be taken to keep disease from occurring and prevent transmission of disease with policies and hygienuc practices designed to prevent incidents of infectious dx
Define stringent bioexclusion
keep agent out
Define ruthless biocontaminment
keep agent in
Define early detection/vigilant surveillance
find out who needs to be contained or excluded
What type of environment and what type of pressure would you want in a surgical suite?
keep air out - stringent bioexclusion- positive pressure
What type of environment and what type of pressure would you want in an isolation unit?
Keep agent in - ruthless biocontainment - negative pressure
Explain BSL 1-4 use in vet med
BSL 1: appropriate for work with well-characterized agents which dont cause disease in healthy animals or people
BSL 2: appropriate for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard including microbes causing mild disease where treatment/vax exist
BSL 3: appropriate for work involving microbes which can cause serious disease that could be fatal where treatment or vaccine exists
BSL 4: highest level of biosafety precautions is appropriate for work with agents that cause severe/fatal disease which NO treatment exists
Define Nosocomial (Healthcare Associated Infection/Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI)
infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility
Define Associated/Acquired Infection (CAI)
infection contracted outside of health care setting or an infectious present on admission
Define zoonoses
infection that transmits from animal to man or man to animal
What is used to prevent a disease or infection that is preventable?
SKA
What are three factors that influence infection control plan
knowledge of pathogen
identification of infection or disease
signs and consequences of infection vs disease
What are some tools in your toolbox for an infection control plan?
design/layout of facilities
cleaning and disinfection protocols
enhancing the health status of animals (young, old, very sick)
ability to change behavior of people
You should _______ first then _______
clean
disinfect
What are the 6 steps to cleaning for example your dirty boots after cow lab? What about a surgical table?
- remove gross organic matter
- apply detergent + water
- rinse with water
- apply disinfectant (chemical) and allow wet contact time
- May rinse with water
- dry
What is one of the most effective ways to prevent transmission of disease
hand hygiene!
What is the result if resistance is greater than pathogen load? What about conversely?
The animal will have a better chance at mounting an immune response and be able to fight off the pathogen
Immunosuppressed animals will have a more difficult time fighting the infection and will be more likely to fight off the disease
Are most cases of hospital acquired infections due to decreased resistance, increased, pathogen load, or both?
both
What are factors that influence resistance to disease?
Previous exposure to pathogen whether naturally or through vaccination
Maternal immunity in neonate
Adequate nutrition
Immunosuppression/stress
Genetic selection in animals
What are factors that influence pathogen exposure?
Sanitation
Adequate ventilation
Presence or absence of infected/diseased animals
Presence or absence of vectors
Handwashing vs PPE
What is the difference between PPE and barrier production
PPE (personal protective equiptment) protects YOU
Barrier protection protects PATIENTS from other PATIENTS and YOU
Identify the 4 different colors seen in the VTH and which patients you should evaluate first?
Green - normal
Yellow - increased risk of getting infected such as neonates and immunosuppressed
Orange - increased risk of being infected such as non-healing wound
Red - highly contagious pathogen
SEE YELLOW PATIENTS FIRST
