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Dermatology > Viral infections of the Skin > Flashcards

Viral infections of the Skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

2 conditions caused by Varicella Zoster Virus

A

Chicken pox and shingles

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2
Q

Complications of chicken pox?

A 
secondary bacterial
pneumonitis
haemorrhagic
scarring, absent or minor
encephalitis
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3
Q

How could you reduce severity neonatal VZV in a woman susceptible to chicken pox who is pregnant?

A

Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin

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4
Q

Can you get shingles in a child?

A

Yes

e.g. if you had chicken pox in utero or if you become immunocompromised

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5
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

A 
Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat
Facial palsy (7th nerve palsy)
Poorer prognosis than Bell’s palsy
Irritation of the 8th cranial nerve
Deafness
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Also known as geniculate or otic herpes zoster
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6
Q

Symptoms of Ramsay Hunt

A

A rash or blisters in or around the ear, scalp or hair line. The blisters may also appear inside the mouth.
The rash/blisters are often painful with a generalised sensation of burning over the affected area.
Weakness on the affected side of your face which causes the facial muscles to droop.
Difficulty closing the eye or blinking on the affected side.
Altered taste on the affected half of the tongue.
Loss of facial expression on the affected side.
Difficulty eating, drinking and speaking as a result of weakness in the lip and cheek on the affected side.
Ear, face or head pain.
Hearing loss on the affected side
Dizziness/vertigo
Tinnitis (ringing in the ear) on the affected side.

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7
Q

What type of vaccine is the chicken pox vaccine and who do you give it to?

A

Live attenuated vaccine is available for chickenpox
Widely used around the world but not routine for UK children
Used in susceptible health care workers

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8
Q

How long does herpes simplex virus/primary gingivostomatitis last?

A

Lasts around a week

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9
Q

Blistering rash around vermillion border?

A

Herpes simplex virus

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10
Q

Herpetic whitlow?

A

Extremely painful infection of the fingers and thumb
-Caused by herpes simplex virus

(herpes on your fingers)

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11
Q

HSV-1

A

main cause of oral lesions
causes half of genital herpes
causes encephalitis

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12
Q

HSV-2

A

rare cause of oral lesions
causes half of genital lesions
encephalitis / disseminated infection (particularly in neonates)

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13
Q

Aciclovir is an analogue of what?

A

Aciclovir is an analogue of guanosine

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14
Q

Lab confirmation test you could do if viral site is inaccessible for swab?

A

Antibody tests
yellow top vacutainer
where virus infected site is inaccessible or as adjunct to swab

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15
Q

Lab confirmation viral test preferred for viral skin infection?

A

Take a swab!
Swab with viral transport medium
Red cap
This is preferred for viral skin infections

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16
Q

Infections which could cause erythema mutiforme?

A

Herpes simplex virus and mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria

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17
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules
1 to 2 mm diameter
Self limiting but take months to disappear
Common in children
Can also be sexually transmitted

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18
Q

Treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Liquid nitrogen

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19
Q

HPV 6 and 11

A

Warts

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20
Q

HPV 16 and 18

A

Cervical cancer

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21
Q

Herpangina

A

Mouth blisters (caused by enterovirus, NOT herpes simplex virus)

  • coxsackie virus
  • echovirus
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22
Q

Enteroviruses that can cause herpangina?

A

Coxsackie virus

Echovirus

23
Q

Herpangina

A 
Blistering rash of back of mouth
Caused by enterovirus not herpes virus
coxsackie virus
echovirus
Self-limiting
Swab of lesion, sample of stool for enterovirus PCR
24
Q

Herpangina clinical presentation?

A

Often in children, viral infection

Ulcers and sores in the mouth, sore throat and fever

25
Q

Type of virus that causes hand, foot and mouth virus?

A

Enterovirus

ESPECIALLY COXSACKIE VIRUS

26
Q

Hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Typically children

Family outbreaks

27
Q

A viral cause of rash and acute arthritis?

A

Erythema infectiosum
also known as “slapped cheek disease”
-Caused by parvovirus B19
-as the rash on the face fades, a lacy macular rash on the rest of the body appears
-acute arthritis commonly seen in the WRISTS

28
Q

What does parvovirus B19 cause?

A

Parvovirus B19 causes “slapped cheek” disease

29
Q

Another name for “slapped cheek disease”

A

Erythema infectiosum

30
Q

Complications of parvovirus?

A 
Spontaneous abortion
Aplastic crisis (sudden drop in haemoglobin, e.g. in sickle cell anemia)
Chronic anaemia (in immunocompromised patients)
31
Q

Diagnosis of erthyema infectiosum?

A

By antibody testing rather than skin swabs

parvovirus B19 IgM test

32
Q

Is Rubella a notifiable disease?

A

Yes, rubella is a notifiable disease n the UK

33
Q

A rash that begins behind the ears and on the face

  • Spread to trunk and extremities
  • Petechia on the soft palate may be present?
A

Rubella

  • the rash usually develops 7-14 days after exposure to the virus
  • low grade fever, headache, anorexia
  • joint pain
34
Q

ORF

A 
Virus of sheep “scabby mouth”
Firm, fleshy nodule on hands of farmers
Constitutional symptoms rare
Self limiting
Clinical diagnosis, lab confirmation not used
35
Q

Treponema pallidum causes what?

A

Syphilis

36
Q

Painless ulcers?

A

Syphilis

Primary infection
Chancre
Painless ulcers at site of entry
Secondary phase of infection
Red rash over body
Prominent on soles of feet and palms of hands
Tertiary
CNS, cardiovascular etc etc
Due to infection with Treponema pallidum
37
Q

Secondary syphilis in the mouth?

A

Pseudomembranous lesions and erosions of the tongue, soft palate, hard palate and tonsils

38
Q

Typically caused by Coxsackie A16 virus?

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease

39
Q

Generally patient feels unwell first and then sore throat and spots that develop in the mouth. These usually progress to small ulcers . In ¾ cases, spots also develop on the skin

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease

40
Q

Is scarring from shingles common?

A

No

41
Q

Blistering rash at vermillion border?

A

Herpes simplex virus

42
Q
  • Main cause of oral lesions
  • causes half of genital herpes
  • causes encephalitis
A

HSV type 1

43
Q

Rarely causes oral lesions
Causes half of genital lesions
Encephalitis/disseminated infection (particularly in neonates)

A

HSV type 2

44
Q

Diagnosis of herpangina?

A

Swab of lesion, sample of stool for enterovirus PCR

45
Q

Virus which causes hand, foot and mouth?

A

Enterovirus (especially cocksackie virus)

46
Q

What usually follows an episode of erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek)?

A

Acute arthritis

especially wrists

47
Q

Complications of parvovirus B19?

A
  • Spontaneous abortion
  • Aplastic crises
  • Chronic anaemia
48
Q

Lab confirmation of erythema infectiosum?

A

By antibody testing rather than skin swabs

parvovirus B19 IgM test

49
Q

Fever, sore throat, rash, generally unwell
Diffuse erythema
Fever and rash may subside and then give rise to sore oral cavity and PETECHIAL HAEMORRHAGE

A

Rubella

50
Q 
Virus of sheep “scabby mouth”
Firm, fleshy nodule on hands of farmers
Constitutional symptoms rare
Self limiting
Clinical diagnosis, lab confirmation not used
A

Orf

51
Q

Primary syphilis

A

Painless ulcers

52
Q

Secondary syphilis

A

Red rash over body
(prominent on soles of feet and palms of hands)
-pseudomembranous lesions and erosions of the tongue, the hard and soft palate and tonsils

53
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

CNS, cardiovascular etc

Dermatology (27 decks)

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