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Dermatology > Microbiology of skin infection > Flashcards

Microbiology of skin infection Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Gram positive in clusters

A

Staphylococcus sp

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2
Q

Staph saprophyticus

A

Coagnulase negative

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3
Q

Test for staph aureus

A

Latex agglutination

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4
Q

Does coagulase plasma clot in the bottom of the tube?

A

Yes it does (only staph aureus)

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5
Q

Novobicin resistant

A

Staph saprophyticus

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6
Q

Neonatal meningitis

A

Group B strep

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7
Q

Throat, skin infections

A

Group A strep

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8
Q

Commensals, endocarditis

A

Strep viridans

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9
Q

Which staph produces coagulase

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

Some strains produce:
• Enterotoxin – food poisoning
• SSSST – staph. scalded skin syndrome toxin
• PVL – Panton Valentine Leukocidin

A

Staph aureus

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11
Q

Toxins produced by staph aureus

A

Enterotoxin
SSSST
PVL

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12
Q

causes urinary tract infection in women of child-bearing age

A

Staph saprophyticus

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13
Q

May cause infection in association with implanted artificial material, such as artificial joints, artificial heart valves, intravenous catheters (produces “slime” that allows it to stick to prosthetic material)

A

Staph epidermis

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14
Q

Beta-haemolytic

A

Complete haemolysis

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15
Q

Alpha-haemolytic

A

Partial haemolysis

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16
Q

Gamma haemolytic

A

No haemolysis

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17
Q

Toxin produced by beta-haemolytic streptococci

A

Haemolysin

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18
Q

Throat, severe skin infections

A

Group A Beta-haemolytic streptococci

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19
Q

How do you further classify beta-haemolytic streptococci?

A

Classify by antigenic structure on surface (SEROLOGICAL GROUPING)
e.g.
– Group A (throat, severe skin infections)
– Group B (meningitis in neonates)

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20
Q

Name 2 alpha haemolytic strep

A

Strep pneumonia

Strep viridans

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21
Q

Name a non-haemolytic streptococci and where you would find it

A

Enterococcus

  • commensals of bowel
  • common cause of UTI
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22
Q

What does sebum (fatty acids) do?

A

Inhibits bacterial growth

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23
Q

Competitive bacterial flora of the skin

A

Staphylococcus erpidermidis
Corynebacterium (“diptheroids”)
Proprionbacterium

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24
Q

Boils and carbuncles

A

Staph aureus

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25
Infected eczema
Staph aureus
26
Erysipelas
Strep pyogenes (GROUP A STREP)
27
Necrotising fasciitis
Strep pyogenes (GROUP A STREP)
28
is a bacterial skin infection involving the upper dermis that characteristically extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. It is a tender, intensely erythematous, indurated plaque with a sharply demarcated border. Its well-defined margin can help differentiate it from other skin infections (eg, cellulitis).
Erysipelas
29
Diagnosis of skin infection
- Swab of lesion if surface is broken - Pus or tissue if deeper lesion - +/- blood cultures, if appropriate
30
Green vial
Aerobic culture bottle
31
Red/pink vial
Anaerobic culture bottle
32
Yellow vial
Paediatric culture bottle
33
Antibiotic for strep pyogenes (Group A strep)
Penicillin (will also be treated by flucloxacillin)
34
Tinea capitis
Scalp
35
Tinea barbae
Beard
36
Tinea corporis
Body
37
Tinea manuum
Hand
38
Tinea unguium
Nails
39
Tinea cruris
Groin
40
Tinea pedis
Foot
41
How do dermatophytes enter the skin?
Enter abraded or soggy skin
42
In which layer do hyphae spread?
Spread in stratum corneum
43
Which type of tissue do dermatophytes infect?
Infects keratinised tissues only (skin,hair,nails) •Increased epidermal turnover causes scaling • Inflammatory response provoked (dermis) • Hair follicles and shafts invaded
44
Lesion grows outward and heals in centre, giving a “ring” appearance
Dermatophyte
45
Males or females more commonly affected in dermatophyte infections?
Males
46
Who are more commonly affected by scalp ringworm?
Children
47
Foot and groin ringworm mainly affects who?
Men
48
Anthropophilic fungi
Other infected humans MOST LIKELY
49
Zoophilic fungi
Animals (cats, dogs, cattle)
50
Geophilic fungi
Soil (less common in UK)
51
Dermatophyte infections, sources of infection
Other infected humans (MOST LIKELY) Animals Soil
52
How is trichophyton rubrum spread?
Human-human transmission
53
How is trichophyton mentagraphytes spread?
Human-human transmission
54
How is microsporum canis spread?
Cats, dogs-humans
55
Dermatophyte infection diagnosis
``` Clinical appearance • Woods light (fluorescence) • Skin scrapings, nail clippings, hair – Send to laboratory in a “Dermapak” for microscopy and culture – N.B. Culture takes 2 weeks + ```
56
Where should skin scrapings be taken from?
Taken from the edge of the scaly lesion
57
Treatment for small areas of infected skin, nails
Clotrimazole (canestan) cream or similar Topical nail paint (amorolfine)
58
Treatment for scalp dermatophyte infections
Terbinafine ORALLY | Itraconazole ORALLY
59
Diagnosis of candida?
Swab for culture
60
Where would you get candida infection?
Candida causes infection in skin folds where area is warm and moist “candida intertrigo” Seen under the breasts in females, groin areas, abdominal skin folds etc, nappy area in babies
61
Treatment for candida?
Clotrimazole cream | Oral fluconazole
62
What type of skin infection is scabies?
Parasitic
63
Infection caused by Sarcoptes scabiei
Scabies
64
Scabies incubation period?
6 weeks
65
Intensely itchy rash affecting finger webs, wrists, genital area
Scabies
66
Treatment for scabies
malathion lotion, applied overnight to whole body and washed off next day – benzyl benzoate (avoid in children)
67
Where would you get scabies?
Finger webs, wrists, genital areas
68
This parasitic infection burrows in your skin and makes "tracts"
Scabies
69
Pediculus capitis
Head louse
70
Pediculus corporis
Body louse
71
Vagabond's disease
Pediculus corporis (body louse)
72
Plithirus pubis
Pubic louse
73
Treatment for lice (pediculosis)
Malathion lotion
74
Which type of bacteria can survive in the environment because of their cell wall structure?
Gram positive -these may become a source of infection for other patients
75
WHO NEEDS SINGLE ROOM ISOLATION
Group A strep MRSA Scabies (also need long sleeved gown)

Dermatology (27 decks)

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