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Dermatology > Photocarcinogenesis > Flashcards

Photocarcinogenesis Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Bullous impetigo

blistering at site of infection

A

Caused by staphylococcus toxin A

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2
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Caused by staphylococcus toxin B
Most common in children
Low mortality rates

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3
Q

Organism usually causing cellulitis

A

Beta haemolytic strep

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4
Q

Another name for basal cell papilloma

A

Seborrhoeic wart

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5
Q

Appear as firm, elevated pigmented nodules which may feel like a button in the skin
They are often found on the legs and commoner in females
There may be a history of trauma or insect bite

A

Dermatofibroma

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6
Q

Keratoacanthoma

A

Rapidly growing epidermal tumours which develop central necrosis and ulceration
They occur on sun exposed sites and can grow to 2-3cm across
Whilst they may resolve spontaneously, best to surgicaly remove as they can mimic squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Where does Bowen’s disease most commonly develop?

A

Lower womens legs

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8
Q

Where would you usually develop a pilar cyst?

A

The scalp

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9
Q

Key characteristics or “hallmarks” of cancer

A
  1. Insensitivity to growth signals
  2. Insensitivity to anti-growth signals
  3. Evade death (apoptosis)
  4. Limitless potential to divide
  5. Angiogenesis
  6. Invasion and metastasis
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10
Q

Basal cell carcinoma and exposure

A

Intermittent exposure

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11
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma and exposure

A

Chronic exposure

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12
Q

Melanoma and exposure

A

Intermittent exposure

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13
Q

Lattitude and skin cancer

A

Incidence increases closer to equator

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14
Q

Skin colour and eye colour and cancer

A

Red/fair haired individuals with blue eyes and freckling

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15
Q

Where would patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) develop skin cancer?

A

Skin exposed areas

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16
Q

UVC wavelength

A

200-280 nm

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17
Q

UVB wavelength

A

280-315 nm

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18
Q

UVA wavelength

A

315-400 nm

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19
Q

Visible light spectrum

A

400-700 nm

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20
Q

UV signature mutation

A

Cytosine to thymine (at dipyrimidine sites)

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21
Q

NER

A

Nucleotide excision repair

22
Q

BER

A

Base excision repair

23
Q

DSB

A

Double strand break repair

24
Q

MMR

A

Mismatch repair

25
Q

Which UV is mainly responsible for initiating mutations?

A

UVB

26
Q

Which UVs are responsible for promoting mutations etc

A

UVB/UVA

27
Q

Estiamted action spectrum for cancer in humans?

A

298nm

28
Q

Age onset of MM?

A

<20 years

29
Q

Merkel cell skin cancer exposure

A

?cumulative

30
Q

HPV associated with which types of skin cancer?

A

BCC and SCC

31
Q

Metastases common in which type of cancers?

A

MM and MCC

malignant melanoma and merkel cell carcinoma

32
Q

Most common site for BCC?

A

Face and 1/3 sun protected sites

33
Q

Main site for SCC?

A

Sun exposed sited

34
Q

Main sites for malignant melanom?

A

Face, legs, back

35
Q

Main site for MCC?

A

Head/neck, sun exposed sited

36
Q

BCC formed from which type of cell?

A

Keratinocytes

37
Q

Major risk factor for BCC?

A

Immunosuppression (x10)

This is even BIGGER risk factor in SCC (65-250x)

38
Q

Eating this poison can increase risk of BCC?

A

Aresenic

-same for SCC

39
Q

Syndromes predisposing to BCC?

A

XP

Basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)

40
Q

BCC risk factors

A

Intermittent sun exposure/sunburn Immunosuppression (10x)
Ionizing radiation
Arsenic ingestion
?photosensitising drugs Family/personal history of BCC/SCC

41
Q

SCC precursor lesions

A

Actinic keratoses

Bowen’s disease

42
Q

Risk factors for SCC?

A

Chronic/cumulative sun exposure. Sunbeds.
Immunosuppression (65-250x)
Arsenic /petroleum products/organophosphates/smoking/scars/HPV ?photosensitising drugs
Family/personal history of BCC/SCC

43
Q

SCC predisposing syndromes

A 
XP
Rothmund Thomson syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Werner syndrome
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Fanconi anaemia
44
Q

Precursor lesions for melanoma

A

Moles

45
Q

Where are melanomas usually found?

A 
Chest/back (men)
Legs (women)
Palms and soles
Growing under the nails
Eyes
46
Q

Risk factors for melanoma

A

Risk factors:
Intermittent sun exposure/sunburn. Sunbeds
Ionizing radiation
Immunosuppression
?photosensitising drugs/?heavy metals/?other occupational exposure Family/personal history of CM/BCC/SCC

47
Q

Melanoma predisposing syndromes

A

XP

Atypical mole syndrome

48
Q

Drugs associated with photocarcinogenesis

A

Psoralen
Voriconazole
Azathioprine
Vemurafenib

Photosensitising drugs
Immunosuppressants
Topical

49
Q

UV and langerhans cells

A

UV reduced number of langerhans cells

50
Q

UV and oxidative stress

A

Increases oxidative stress

51
Q

UV and exogenous compounds

A

UV interacts with exogenous compounds

52
Q

UV and IL10 and PGE2

A

UV upregulates inflammatory mediators including IL10 and PGE2

Dermatology (27 decks)

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