Video (hw) terms

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

net movement: travels high concentration –> low concentration until equilibrium reached

Question 2

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 2

high –> low concentration until =
- must go through protein transport; uses energy

Question 3

4 groups of plants:

Answer 3

mesophytes, hydrophytes, xerophytes, halophytes

Question 4

Mesophytes

Answer 4

terrestrial plants:
- sufficient water = stomata open to promote loss, absorb water through roots
- insufficient water = stomata close and has waxy cuticle prevents water loss

Question 5

hydrophytes

Answer 5

freshwater/wet soil plants:
- water enters body through entire surface
- remove extra water through entire surface
- leaf stomata allow water flow in/out

Question 6

xerophytes

Answer 6

dry environments:
- body surface w/ few stomata and waxy cuticle (prevent water loss)
- succulent organs- store water in specialized stems/roots

Question 7

halophytes

Answer 7

salty water environments:
- bodies = less salt than surrounding –> water moves out of bodies
- absorb salts w/ active transport; water doesn’t move out of cell
- excess salt stored or secreted

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane
- only water can flow (high–>low concentration)

Question 9

isotonic

Answer 9

mvmt in and out; happy

Question 10

hypertonic

Answer 10

mvmt out; shrivel

Question 11

hypotonic

Answer 11

mvmt in, plant cells happy
- animal cells pop

Question 12

osmoconformers

Answer 12

osmolarity = same as surroundings; don’t need regulation

Question 13

osmoregulators

Answer 13

have to regulate in salt water envir.; water flows in

Question 14

what do humans use for osmoregulation?

Answer 14

kidneys;
- nephrons: countercurrent exchange
- antidiuretic hormone: allows kidney to hold onto water

Question 15

Gills

Answer 15

breathing organs; gas and ion exchange, pump water over gill filaments

Question 16

Primary lamellae

Answer 16

determines marine or fresh

Question 17

Ion exchange in fish

Answer 17

Na+ gradient separates K+ from Na+

Question 18

Countercurrent Gas Exchange in Fish Gills:

Answer 18

Gills- extract oxygen, release CO2
- 4 gills arches: support thin membrane of gills

Question 19

Animals that can freeze and come back to life: and how:

Answer 19

• wood frog, alligators, painted turtle hatchlings, tardigrades
• glucose as antifreeze, slow metabolism

Question 20

Ectotherms

Answer 20

cold blooded animals; reptiles, amphibians, fish, plant, all invertebrates
- Blood temp fluctuates based on environment

Question 21

Endotherms

Answer 21

warm blooded animals; birds and mammals
- Stable w/in diff temps; can expand location
- control body temp w/ metabolism, blood flow, sweating, etc.

Question 22

vasodilation

Answer 22

blood vessels dilate and release heat