Ch. 10: Social Behavior Flashcards
social behavior
interactions w/ members of one’s own species, including mates, offspring, other relatives, and unrelated individuals
benefits of living in groups
survival (dilution effect), feeding (clustered around resources, hunting in packs), mating (availability of mates), 1 can warn others of danger
costs of living in groups
predation (large groups are easy to be spotted by predators), competition, disease (spread quickly is close groups)
lek
location of an animal aggregation to put on a display to attract the opposite sex
dilution effect
reduced, or diluted, probability of predation to a 1 animal when its in a group
territory
any area defended by 1+ individuals against the intrusion of others
- defending high quality territory ensures good resources
dominance hierarchy
social ranking among individuals in a group, typically determined through fighting or other contests of strength of skill
linear dominance hierarchy
1st ranked member dominates all other members, 2nd ranked dominates all but 1st ranked, and so on…
donor
individual who directs a behavior toward another individual as part of a social interaction
recipient
individual who receives the behavior of a donor in a social interaction
4 types of social behavior:
cooperation, selfishness, spitefulness, altruism
cooperation
donor and recipient both experience increased fitness from interaction (+/+)
selfishness
donor experiences increased fitness and recipient experiences decreased fitness (+ donor/ - recipient)
spitefulness
interaction reduces the fitness of both donor and recipient (-/-)
altruism
increases fitness of recipient and decreases fitness of donor (- donor, + recipient)
direct fitness
fitness an individual gains by passing on copies of its genes to its offspring
indirect fitness
fitness an individual gains by helping relatives pass on copies of their genes
direct selection
selection favors direct fitness