VIBRIO & HACEK & Non-Fermenting Gram- BACILLI Flashcards
✓ CURVED or STRAIGHT (comma-shaped) gram-negative rods, ALKALIPHILIC
✓ RAPID DARTING motility or SHOOTING STAR motility
✓ Oxidase: positive
✓ HALOPHILIC except V. cholerae and V. mimicus
Vibrio
✓ RICE WATER STOOL
✓ cultured on APW and TCBS (sucrose fermenter yellow on TCBS)
✓ POLAR OR PERITRICUS, FLAGELLA
Vibrio cholerae
Increases cAMP; Causing Increased Secretion Of WATER AND ELECTROLYTES IN STOOL
Treatment: fluid and electrolyte replacement
Cholera toxin or CHOLERAGEN
Lysis of V. cholerae after injecting into an immunized host
Pfeizzer’s phenomenon
Serogroups/Serotype:
INABA
A. PHILIPPINES
B. INDIA
C. JAPAN
A. PHILIPPINES
Serogroups/Serotype:
Ogawa
A. PHILIPPINES
B. INDIA
C. JAPAN
B. INDIA
Serogroups/Serotype:
Hikojima
A. PHILIPPINES
B. INDIA
C. JAPAN
C. JAPAN
Major Subgroup of V. cholera ASSOCIATED WITH EPIDEMIC CHOLERA
V. choleare O1 and V. cholera O139
Strains that phenotypically resemble V. cholerae O1 but fail to agglutinate in 01 antisera
V. cholera non-01
✓ Reagent: 0/129 (150ug) impregnated disks
✓ POSITIVE (SUSCEPTIBLE): Vibrio cholerae, Plesiomonas shigelloides
✓ NEGATIVE (RESISTANT): Aeromonas spp. , C. violaceum
Vibrostatic test
✓ Rgt: 0.5% sodium deoxycholate
✓ Differentiates Vibrio from Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
STRING TEST
Note:
NEGATIVE: no viscous stringing ( Aeromonas, P.shigelloides, Chromobacterium)
POSITIVE: a viscous stringing resulting TO A LONG TENACIOUS STRING ( Vibrio spp.)
2% sodium deoxycholate
Bile solubility test for S. pneumoniae
✓ WOUND AND EAR INFECTION associated with marine environment
✓ HALOPHILIC
✓ Sucrose Fermentation: POSITIVE
V. alginolyticus
✓ “Summer Diarrhea”
✓ associated with CONTAMINATED SEAFOOD
✓ HALOPHILIC
✓ sucrose fermentation: NEGATIVE
V. parahemolyticus
✓ GASTROENTERITIS AND EAR INFECTIONS associated with marine environment
✓ NON-HALOPHILIC
✓ Sucrose Fermentation NEGATIVE
V. mimicus
✓ Lactose POSITIVE
✓ SEPTICEMIA AND WOUND INFECTIONS involving marine environment
✓ HALOPHILIC
V. vulnificus
✓large, round, raised, opaque. Beta-hemolytic (SBA)
✓FERMENTS LACTOSE, PINK CENTERED COLONIES in CIN
✓ eating Raw Fish in FRESHWATER
✓ Aeromonas hydrophilia (“water loving”) most common isolate
Aeromonas
✓ White To Pink in INOSITOL brilliant green bile salt agar
✓ LDC ODC ADH POSITIVE “positive trio”
✓ Straight Gram Negative Rods that occurs SINGLY in PAIRS, in SHORT CHAINS and FILAMENTOUS forms
✓ SHINY, OPAQUE, SMOOTH, GAMMA HEMOLYTIC in SBA
✓ OXIDASE: POSITIVE
Plesiomonas shigelloides
✓ SMELLS like ammonium cyanide in SBA
✓ VIOLET PIGMENT can interfere with oxidase test
✓ gold standard: QUORUM SENSING
✓ slightly curved gram negative rods with rounded ends
✓ most colonies appear black or very dark purple
✓ NLF in MacConkey
Chromobacterium violaceum
Key tests to differentiate Aeromonas and Plesiomonas from Vibrio
Sodium requirement and mannitol fermentation
Top three that causes nosocomial infection
1 P. aeruginosa
#2 A. baumanni
#3 S. maltophilia
Present in tap water in HOSPITAL
S. maltophilia
TCBS: +
STRING TEST: +
0/129 (150ug) Susceptible: +
BROTH W/O NaCl: +
BROTH W/ 6.5% NaCl: +
INOSITOL FERMENTATION: (-)
MANNITOL: +
Vibrio cholerae
TCBS: (+)
STRING TEST: (+)
0/129 (150ug) Susceptible: (-)
BROTH W/O NaCl: (-)
BROTH W/ 6.5% NaCl:(+)
INOSITOL FERMENTATION: (-)
Other Vibrio
TCBS: (-)
STRING TEST: (-)
0/129 (150ug) Susceptible: (-)
BROTH W/O NaCl: (+)
BROTH W/ 6.5% NaCl: (-)
INOSITOL FERMENTATION: (-)
MANNITOL: (+)
Aeromonas
TCBS: (-)
STRING TEST: (-)
0/129 (150ug) Susceptible: (+)
BROTH W/O NaCl: (+)
BROTH W/ 6.5% NaCl: (-)
INOSITOL FERMENTATION: (+)
Plesiomonas
Campylobacter associated with gastritis and diarrhea
C. jejuni, C. coli
✓ Microaerophilic and capnophilic, motile, gram negative rods that are associated with gastritis and diarrhea
✓ optimum temperature for growth: 42 to 43°c
✓ single polar flagellum= DARTING MOTILITY
✓ Culture Medium: CAMPY-BAP, SKIRTOW’S medium
Campylobacter
✓ Associated with PEPTIC ULCER
✓ The natural habitat is the HUMAN STOMACH where the organism is found in the MUCOUS SECRETING CELLS
✓ S- shaped, seagull wings, MICROAEROPHILIC, LOPHOTRICHOUS FLAGELLA
Helicobacter
Non-invasive test for H. pylori
UREA BREATH TEST
HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS: (+)
GROWTH @ 42°C: (+)
GROWTH @ 25°C: (-)
UREASE: (-)
NALIDIXIC ACID: SUSCEPTIBLE
CEPHALOTIN: RESISTANT
C. jejuni subsp. jejuni
HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS: (-)
GROWTH @ 42°C: (-)
GROWTH @ 25°C: (+)
UREASE: (-)
NALIDIXIC ACID: RESISTANT
CEPHALOTIN: SUSCEPTIBLE
C. fetus subsp. fetus
HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS: (-)
GROWTH @ 42°C: (+)
GROWTH @ 25°C: (-)
UREASE: (+)
NALIDIXIC ACID: RESISTANT
CEPHALOTIN: SENSITIVE
H.pylori
✓ Obligate aerobe
✓ Motile and Rod Shape, polar flagellum
✓ Sweet or Grape Like or Corn Taco Like ODOR
P.aeruginosa
✓ Grows well @37°C, its growth @ 42°C will differentiate it from other Pseudomonas sp.
✓ Oxidase POSITIVE
✓ DOES NOT ferment carbohydrates
✓ TSI: K/K or K/NC
P. aeruginosa
✓ Produces infection of wound and burns giving rise to BLUE-GREEN PUS
✓ causes Meningitis, UTI, Pneumonia, Sepsis
✓ mild otitis external or media= SWIMMERS EAR
✓ Resistant To A Number Of Disinfectants and has been responsible for SERIOUS NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
✓ Skin lesion: ecthyma gangrenosum, Jacuzzi hot tub/ Whirlpool dermatitis
S. aeruginosa
Causes GLANDERS a disease of horses and similar animals transmissible to humans
Horses: pulmonary involvement
Humans: fatal, begin as ulcer of skin and mucous membrane followed by lymphangitis and sepsis
Non motile
Burkholderia mallei
Causes MELIODOSIS (Vietnamese Time Bomb), an endemic glanders like disease of animals and humans
✓DEEP PINK, WRINKLED COLONIES IN ASHDOWN MEDIUM;
✓SMOOTH-WRINKLED= BAP
✓BIPOLAR STAINING IN GRAM STAIN
✓EARTHY ODOR
Burkholderia pseudomallei
✓ Oxidase and LDC POSITIVE
✓ Motility: LOPHOTRICHOUS
✓ PC agar: PINK COLONY
✓ Earthy or Dirt like odor
✓ Causes: Heart Valve Endocarditis, FOOT ROT IN HUMANS
✓ SECOND MOST COMMON RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CF
Burkholderia cepacia
✓ TSI: K/K
✓ CPON
✓ NON-MOTILE
✓ DRUG RESISTANT
✓ MaC= Purple Colony
Associated disases: UTI, WOUND, DIARRHEA
Acinetobacter spp
MOTILITY: (-)
OXIDASE: (-)
CATALASE: (+)
LDC: (-)
Acinetobacter
MOTILITY: (+)
OXIDASE: (-)
CATALASE: (+)
LDC: (+)
S. maltophilia
MOTILITY: (+)
OXIDASE: (+)
CATALASE: (+)
LDC: (-)
Pseudomonas
Oxidizer, growth @42°C
Acinetobacter baumanni
Non-oxidizer
Acinetobacter iwoffi
✓Third most common nosocomial infection
✓Old name: Xanthromonas
✓Oxidase: Negative
✓DNAse: Positive
✓LDC: Positive
✓ strong oxidizer of Maltose
✓ LAVENDER GREEN colony
✓ AMMONIA LIKE ODOR
✓ TSA= Yellow pigment
✓ causes WOUND INFECTION (farming equipment)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
✓ Oxidase, Catalase: POSITIVE
✓ urease: NEGATIVE
✓ Motility: Peritrichous
✓ Apple-like “fruity” odor
✓ Assacharolytic
✓ Asso. Infections and Disease: UTI, WOUND, DIARRHEA
Alkaligenes faecalis
Oxidase, DNAse, Gelatin Hydrolysis, Indole(+)
Non-motile
MaC(-)
Produces yellow Pigment (flavin)
Asso. With SEPSIS NEONATAL MENINGITIS
Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) meningosepticum
