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tagumpay Sa MARCH 2024! > PROTOZOANS: AMOEBAS, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOANS > Flashcards

PROTOZOANS: AMOEBAS, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOANS Flashcards

1
Q

Locomotion: pseudopods (false feet)
life cycle: Cyst Stage to Tropozoite stage

A

Amoebas

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2
Q

All have cystic stage except:

A. E. histolytica
B. E. nana
C. E. gingivalis

A

C. E. gingivalis

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3
Q

All inhabit the intestine except:

A. E. histolytica
B. E. nana
C. E. gingivalis

A

C. E. gingivalis

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4
Q

All are commensal EXCEPT:

A. E. histolytica
B. E. nana
C. E. gingivalis

A

A. E. histolytica

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5
Q

✓Motile
✓feeding stage
✓vegetative stage
✓found in diarrheal and liquid stools
✓EXCYSTATION Cyst to Troph OCCURS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
✓ DESTROYED BY IODINE STAIN

A. Tropozoite
B. Cyst

A

A. Trophozoite

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6
Q

✓Non-motile
✓Non Feeding Stage
✓Infective stage
✓Found in formed stools
✓Encystation Troph to cyst occurs in the
LARGE INTESTINE
✓MOT: Ingestion of Contaminated water or food

A. Tropozoite
B. Cyst

A

B. Cyst

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7
Q

✓Bulls eye amoeba
✓clean looking cytoplasm

A. E. histolytica
B. E. nana
C. E. gingivalis

A

A. E. histolytica

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8
Q

Trophozoite:
✓Moves one direction
✓one pseudopod (finger-like) thrusted out in Explosive manner
✓Progressive Directional Movement
✓Centrally Located Karyosome
✓Evenly distributed peripheral chromatin
✓contains Ingested RBC but no bacteria/cell debris
A. E. coli
B. E. histolytica
C. E. dispar
D. E. hartmanni

A

B. E. histolytica

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9
Q

Trophozoite:
✓Moves in several direction
✓Sends out SEVERAL BLUNT Pseudopods at the same time
✓Pseudopods thrusted out SLOWLY
✓NON-Progressive, NON-Directional, SLUGGISH Movement
✓ECCENTRICALLY Located Karyosome
✓Unevenly distributed peripheral chromatin
✓ENDOPLASM contains Bacteria, Yeasts, and Cell Debris

A. E. coli
B. E. histolytica
C. E. dispar
D. E. hartmanni

A

A. E. coli

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10
Q

✓ Morphologically similar to E. histolytica
✓ nonpathogenic, NO INGESTED RBC
✓Differentiated by PCR

A. E. coli
B. E. histolytica
C. E. dispar
D. E. hartmanni

A

C. E. dispar

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11
Q

Cyst:
✓ mature cyst contain up to four nuclei (quadrinucleated cyst)
✓Coffin-shaped/red-shaped/susage-shape Chromatoidal bar
✓cyst may survive for up to 1 month (environment)

A. E. coli
B. E. histolytica
C. E. dispar
D. E. hartmanni

A

B. E. histolytica

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12
Q

Cyst:
✓ mature cyst contain up to Eight(8) nuclei (octonucleated cyst)
✓ Chromatoidal bars can be seen aw Splinter-like needles (thin with Pointed to Splintered ends)

A. E. coli
B. E. histolytica
C. E. dispar
D. E. hartmanni

A

A. E. coli

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13
Q

Appearance is relatively similar to that of
E. histolytica apart from its SMALLER SIZE

“Small Race of E. histolytica”

A. E. coli
B. E. histolytica
C. E. dispar
D. E. hartmanni

A

D. E. hartmanni

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14
Q

✓ FIRST DETECTED IN SEWAGE
✓ Morphologically Indistinguishable from E.histolytica
✓ NO INGESTED RBCs
✓ Non-pathogenic
✓ OSMOTOLERANT, able to grow at room temp (25-30° c) and survive at temperatures ranging from 0 to 41° c

A. E. moshkovskii
B. E. polecki
C. E. nana
D. I. butschlii
E. E. gingivalslis

A

A. E. moshkovskii

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15
Q

✓ Found in Pigs and monkeys RARELY infect man
✓ Cyst is UNINUCLEATED, CHROMATOIDAL BARS with Angular or pointed ends

A. E. moshkovskii
B. E. polecki
C. E. nana
D. I. butschlii
E. E. gingivalslis

A

B. E. polecki

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16
Q

✓ BLOT-LIKE KARYOSOME
✓”Cross-eyed Cyst”
✓”Smallest Amoeba” (same size with RBC)
✓ Absence of PERIPHERAL CHROMATIN in both Cyst and Trophozoite, NO CHROMATOIDAL bar in Cystic Stage

A. E. moshkovskii
B. E. polecki
C. E. nana
D. I. butschlii
E. E. gingivalslis

A

C. E. nana

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17
Q

✓ KARYOSOME is Large, Irregular, and Rounded with a cluster of Achromatic Granules
✓Nucleus is often Described as resembling a BASKET OF FLOWERS in shape
✓ Cyst contains only ONE NUCLEUS, Contains Large-Iodine Staining glycogen vacuole
✓ABSENCE OF PERIPHERAL CHROMATIN IN BOTH CYST and TROPHOZOITE, NO CHROMATOIDAL BAR IN CYSTIC STAGE

A. E. moshkovskii
B. E. polecki
C. E. nana
D. I. butschlii
E. E. gingivalslis

A

D. I. butschlii

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18
Q

✓ NO CYSTIC STAGE
✓ENDOPLASM Contains Ingested Leukocytes (WBCs), cell debris, and Bacteria
✓ ONLY AMOEBA THA INGESTS WBC
✓ The First Amoeba recovered from a Human specimen

A. E. moshkovskii
B. E. polecki
C. E. nana
D. I. butschlii
E. E. gingivalslis

A

E. E. gingivalslis

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19
Q

CAUSATIVE agent of PAM (Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis)

A. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. N. fowleri

A

B. N. fowleri

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20
Q

CAUSATIVE agent of GAE (Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis)

A. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. N. fowleri

A

A. Acanthamoeba spp.

Note:
Also Balamuthia mandrillaris causes GAE

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21
Q

✓ BRAIN EATING AMOEBA
✓ INFECTS CSF
✓ Has three morphologic form, Cyst, Amoeboid Trophozoite (DS) and Flagellated form
✓ Causes purulent spinal fluid with Motile amoeba
✓ found in warm bodies of water; including Lakes, streams, ponds, and swimming pools EXCEPT seawater

A. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. N. fowleri

A

B. N. fowleri

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22
Q

✓ LAB DIAGNOSIS: CSF examination
✓MOT: Inhalation, Sniffing, Swimming in Contaminated water

A. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. N. fowleri

A

B. N. fowleri

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23
Q

Two morphologic forms: TROPHOZOITE (DS) AND CYST

CYST:
Double-walled wrinkeled cyst form with Spiny Hyaline projections

TROPHOZOITE:
With spinelike Pseudopods known as ACANTHOPODIA

A. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. N. fowleri

A

A. Acanthamoeba spp.

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24
Q

LAB DIAGNOSIS: CSF Examination, Corneal Scrapings
STAIN: CALCOFLUOR WHITE
MOT: Inhalation (enter the lower respiratory tract), Eyes (contact lens solution, trauma to cornea), Ulcerations in mucosa, broken skin

A. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. N. fowleri

A

A. Acanthamoeba spp.

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25
Q

✓Causes Acanthamoeba Keratitis /Amebic Keratitis
✓Causes chronic Central Nervous System Infection (GAE) in debiletated or Immunocompromised patients

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

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26
Q

Has been identified as the species respnsible for MOST CNS AND EYE INFECTIONS in HUMANS

A

Acanthamoeba castellanii

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27
Q

ONLY PATHOGENIC INTESTINAL FLAGELLATE:

A

Giardia lamblia/ Giardia intestinalis/Giardia duodenale (Cercomonas Intestinalis)

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28
Q

Cyst:
✓Football shaped Cyst
✓2 to 4 nuclei; 2 to 4 median bodies
✓Excyst in the Duodenum

A

Giardia lamblia/ Giardia intestinalis/Giardia duodenale (Cercomonas Intestinalis)

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29
Q

Trophozoite:
✓ pear-shaped / teardrop Shaped
✓ Only Bilaterally Symmetrical protozoan
✓ “OLD MAN’S FACE/ OLD MAN WITH EYEGLASSES APPEARANCE/OLD MAN WITH WHISKERS, MONKEY’S FACE”
✓ FALLING LEAF MOTILITY
✓ with SUCKING DISK in VENTRAL surface
✓ two nuclei with Large KARYOSOME
✓ Axostyle: Rodlike supporting structure
✓ 4 pairs of Flagella
✓ Parabasal body/Median body

A

Giardia lamblia/ Giardia intestinalis/Giardia duodenale (Cercomonas Intestinalis)

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30
Q

TROPHOZOITE : without an EXTERNAL Flagella;
2 Nuclei, binucleated trophozoite
Consist of 4-8 Chromatin granules
Peripheral chromatin is ABSENT

A

D. fragilis

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31
Q

Reside in the mucosal crypts of Large intestine
May be transmitted via the eggs of Helminth parasites such as E. vermicularis and A. lumbricoides

Were commonly identified in patients who were also infected with E. vermicularis

A

D. fragilis

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32
Q

when D. fragilis mounted on water it:

A

Swells and returns to its Normal Size

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33
Q

when mounted in water preparations, D.fragilis granules exhibits:

A

Brownian movement known as the Hakansson phenomenon

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34
Q

D. fragilis treatment:

A

Iodoquinol

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35
Q

CYST:
characteristics: Protrusion at one end, possess a clear anterior hyaline knob, LEMON SHAPED/ AMERICAN LEMON SHAPE/ NIPPLE SHAPE

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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36
Q

TROPHOZOITE:
Pear-shaped
4 Flagella: 3 Anterior flagella and 1flagella within the cytostome
Structure bordering the cytostome resembles a SHEPHERD’s CROOK
Characteristic SPIRAL GROOVE curving across the body

A

C. mesnili

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37
Q

Exist ONLY AS TROPHOZOITES (IS)
Pear-shaped
Undulating Membrane: fin-like structure connected to the outer edge of some flagellates (2Ts: Trichomonas and Trypanosoma)

A

Trichomonas spp.

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38
Q

HABITAT: Intestine
SIZE: medium
NUCLEUS: Ovoidal
UNDULATING MEMBRANE: As long as the Costa
INCLUSION BODIES: none
SPX FOR DIAGNOSIS: Stool

A

Trichomonas hominis

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39
Q

HABITAT: Oral cavity
SIZE: Smallest
NUCLEUS: Rounded
UNDULATING MEMBRANE: 2/3 of the costa
INCLUSION BODIES: none
SPX FOR DIAGNOSIS: Oral Scrapings

A

Trichomonas tenax

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40
Q

HABITAT: Genitalia
SIZE: Largest
NUCLEUS: Ovoidal
UNDULATING MEMBRANE: Less than 1/2 of the costa
INCLUSION BODIES: Siderophil granules
SPX FOR DIAGNOSIS: Urine, Vaginal swab discharge (female), Prostatic secretion (male)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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41
Q

CONTAMINATED MILK is suspected of being one of the sources of:

A

T. hominis

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42
Q

TARTAR BETWEEN THE TEETH AND GINGIVAL MARGIN of the GUMS are the primary areas of the mouth harboring:

A

T. tenax

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43
Q

MOT: Kissing, use of Contaminated dishes and utensils

A

T. tenax

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44
Q

✓ Associated with persistent urethritis, vaginitis, and infant infection
✓ rapid jerky motility, Rapid Darting Motility

A

T. vaginalis

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45
Q

Foul smelling, GREENISH YELLOW vaginal discharge, RED-PUNCTATE LESIONS may be present upon examining the vaginal mucosa “STRAWBERRY CERVIX”

A

Vaginitis

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46
Q

Respiratory infection and conjunctivitis

A

Infant infection

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47
Q

MOT: SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO INFANT, CONTAMINATED TOILET SEATS

Treatment: Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

T.vaginalis

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48
Q

Considered as the most common non-viral STI in the world

A

Trichomonas

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49
Q

Trichomoniasis is also called as:

A

PING-PONG DISEASE

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50
Q

Appearance: round to oval
Nucleus: one, usually off center
Features: KINETOPLAST PRESENT: Blepharoplast + Parabasal body (enegrizing portion)
NO FLAGELLA

A. AMASTIGOTE
B. PROMASTIGOTE
C. EPIMASTIGOTE
D. TRYPOMASTIGOTE

A

A. AMASTIGOTE

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51
Q

Appearance: long and slender
Nucleus: one, located in or near center
Features: KINETOPLAST, located in Anterior end
Single-free flagellum: Extending from anterior end

A. AMASTIGOTE
B. PROMASTIGOTE
C. EPIMASTIGOTE
D. TRYPOMASTIGOTE

A

B. PROMASTIGOTE

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52
Q

Appearance: long and slightly woder
Nucleus: one, located in Posterior End
Features: KINETOPLAST located Anterior to the Nucleus
Undulating Membrane: extending half of body length
Free Flagellum: extending from anterior End

A. AMASTIGOTE
B. PROMASTIGOTE
C. EPIMASTIGOTE
D. TRYPOMASTIGOTE

A

C. EPIMASTIGOTE

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53
Q

Appearance: C,S, U shaped
Nucleus: one, located anterior to the kinetoplast
Features: KINETOPLAST located in the Posterior End
Undulating Membrane: extending entire body length
Free Flagellum: extending from anterir End

A. AMASTIGOTE
B. PROMASTIGOTE
C. EPIMASTIGOTE
D. TRYPOMASTIGOTE

A

D. TRYPOMASTIGOTE

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54
Q

The 2 forms routinely found in Human specimens:

A. AMASTIGOTE and PROMASTIGOTE
B. AMASTIGOTE and EPIMASTIGOTE
C. AMASTIGOTE andd TRYPOMASTIGOTE

A

C. AMASTIGOTE and TRYPOMASTIGOTE

55
Q

Found primarily in tissue and muscle as well as the CNS within macrophages where they Multiply

A

AMASTIGOTE

56
Q

Migrate, Reproduce, and are visible in the Peripheral blood

A

TRYPOMASTIGOTE

57
Q

Stages may be seen only if a blood sample is collected immediately after Leishmania transmission

A

PROMASTIGOTE

58
Q

Are found Primarily in the arthropod vector

A

EPIMASTIGOTE

59
Q

Vector: SANDFLY
DS: AMASTIGOTE
IS: PROMASTIGOTE

A

Leishmania spp.

60
Q

Culture for Leishmania and Trypanosoma

A

Novy-Nicole-McNeal medium (NNN)

61
Q

Screening test similar to that of TUBERCULIN skin test
Used for screening large population at risk of infections caused by Leishmania spp.

A

Montenegro skin test

62
Q

DRY LESIONS

OLD WORLD CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS, locally known as Oriental Sore, Aleppo button, Baghdad or Jericho boil

PATHOLOGY: Localized cutaneous infection

A

Leishmania tropica

63
Q

WEEPING LESIONS

MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS “NEW WORLD”, Espundia, bubas, chiclero ulcer, forest yaws, pian bois, uta

A

Leishmania braziliensis

64
Q

VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

DUM-DUM fever or “Black fever”, Kala-azar - severe form of visceral leishmaniasis

Hepatosplenomegaly

Advance stages: Kidney damage

A

Leishmania donovani

65
Q

West African Sleeping Sickness, Gambian trypanosomiasis

manifest months or years after initial infection

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

66
Q

East African Sleeping Sickness, Rhodesian trypanosomiasis

Symptoms appear just weeks after infection

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

67
Q

American trypanosomiasis or Chagas Disease

Described by Carlos Chagas

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

68
Q

causative agent of the trypanosomal disease known as NAGANA and SLEEPING SICKNESS

A

Trypanosoma brucei

69
Q

Vector: Tsetse flies of the genus Glossina

A

T.b gambiense and T.b rhodesiense

70
Q

Acute phase of T.b gambiense and T.b rhodesiense

A. Peripheral blood and lymph nodes are invaded
B. CNS is invaded

A

A. Peripheral blood and lymph nodes are Invaded

71
Q

Chronic phase of T.b gambiense and T.b rhodesiense

A. Peripheral blood and lymph nodes are invaded
B. CNS is invaded

A

B. CNS is invaded

Note:

CNS is invaded resulting in meningoencephalitis comatose state develops commonly known as sleeping sickness

72
Q

Painful ulcers surrounded by a white halo at the bite site

A. Chancre
B. Winterbottom’s sign
C. Erythematous
D. Kerandel’s sign
E. Somnolence

A

A. Chancre

73
Q

Inflammatory swelling of the cervical lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)

A. Chancre
B. Winterbottom’s sign
C. Erythematous
D. Kerandel’s sign
E. Somnolence

A

B. Winterbottom’s sign

74
Q

(Red) rash and localized edema

A. Chancre
B. Winterbottom’s sign
C. Erythematous
D. Kerandel’s sign
E. Somnolence

A

C. Erythematous

75
Q

Delayed sensation to pain

A. Chancre
B. Winterbottom’s sign
C. Erythematous
D. Kerandel’s sign
E. Somnolence

A

D. Kerandel’s sign

76
Q

Excessive sleepiness

A. Chancre
B. Winterbottom’s sign
C. Erythematous
D. Kerandel’s sign
E. Somnolence

A

E. Somnolence

77
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:

Febrile stage: Blood And Lymphatics
Sleeping sickness stage (CNS): CSF
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: TRYPOMASTIGOTE
INCREASED SERUM and or CSF IgM LEVELS

A

T.b rhodesiense & T.b gambiense

78
Q

VECTOR: most common vectors are Triatomid bugs, Kissing bugs, or reduviid bugs (Panstrongylus megistus), Assassin bugs, Conenose bugs

A

T.cruzi

79
Q

Erythematous nodule at the site of infection

A. Chagoma
B. Romaña’s sign

A

A. Chagoma

80
Q

Unilateral edema of the eyelids

A. Chagoma
B. Romaña’s sign

A

B. Romaña’s sign

81
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: TRYPOMASTIGOTE AND AMASTIGOTE

INCREASED SERUM and or CSF IgM levels

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

82
Q

Causes Balantidiasis
Largest parasitic protozoan
Natural Host: pigs or swine
MOT: ingestion of infective cysts from swine feces

A

Balantidium coli

83
Q

TROPHOZOITE:
Kidney-Shaped Macronucleus ; dot-like
micronucleus

Macronucleus: Vegetative function
Micronucleus: sexual production
Cytostome: Mouth
Cytopyge: Anus
Motility: throne ball or rolling motion

A

B. coli

84
Q

Cyst:

Two kinds of nuclei: kidney-shaped macronucleus, dot-like micronucleus

Refractive double wall enclosing cilia

A

B. coli

85
Q

Treatment of choice for Balantidium coli:

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

86
Q

Most common Plasmodium in the Philippines

A. P.Vivax
B. P.ovale
C. P. falciparum
D. P. malariae

A

C. falciparum

87
Q

Most common Plasmodium in the World

A. P.vivax
B. P.ovale
C. P. falciparum
D. P. malariae

A

A. P. vivax

88
Q

Man: Intermediate host
IS to Man : Sporozoite

A. Sexual cycle (Sporogony)
B. Asexual Cycle( Schizogony)

A

Asexual Cycle( Schizogony)

89
Q

Female Anopheles Mosquito: Final Host
IS to Anopheles Mosquito: Gametocytes

A. Sexual cycle (Sporogony)
B. Asexual Cycle( Schizogony)

A

A. Sexual cycle (Sporogony)

90
Q

Cause of malaria “bad air”
Leading parasitic disease that causes mortality worldwide

A

Plasmodium

91
Q

Every 36 hours; Malignant Tertian Malaria

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi

A

A. Plasmodium falciparum

92
Q

Every 24 hours; Quotidian Malaria

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi

A

D. Plasmodium knowlesi

93
Q

Every 48 hours; Benign Tertian Malaria

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi

A

B. Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax

94
Q

Every 72 hours; Quartan Malaria

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi

A

C. Plasmodium malariae

95
Q

Most fatal infection

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi

A

A. Plasmodium falciparum

96
Q

Red cells, organisms, and pigment block brain vessels

A. Cerebral malaria
B. Blackwater fever

A

A. Cerebral malaria

97
Q

Sudden massive intravascular hemolysis resulting to hemoglobinuria

A. Cerebral malaria
B. Blackwater fever

A

B. Blackwater fever

98
Q

Marker for African black race
Resistant to P. vivax

A. Fy (a+b-)
B. Fy (a-b-)
C. M+N-
D. M-N-

A

B. Fy (a-b-)

99
Q

Resistant to P. falciparum merozoites

A. Fy (a+b-)
B. Fy (a-b-)
C. M+N-
D. M-N-

A

D. M-N-

100
Q

Hexosemonophosphate Shunt

A

G6PD deficiency

101
Q

Single large ring (1/3 of the cell diameter) (signet ring)
Amoeboid trophozoites
Schuffner’s dots
Invades YOUNG RBC’s Reticulocytes

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

E. Plasmodium vivax

102
Q

Schizonts: 12-24 merozoites; Average 16
Round to ovoid gametocytes
ALL STAGES are PRESENT

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

E. Plasmodium vivax

103
Q

Imoprtant for invasion of P.vivax

A

Fy6

104
Q

Singel large ring
Larger and thicker than P. vivax
Amoeboid trophozoite
Schuffner’s Dots and James Dots
Invades YOUNG RBCs or Reticulocytes
Infected RBC’s: ENLARGED; SERRATED FIMBRIATED

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

B. Plasmodium ovale

105
Q

SCHIZONT: 8 Merozoites (6-14)
Round to Ovoid gametocyte

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

B. Plasmodium ovale

106
Q

Single Large compact Ring (1/6 of the infected RBC)
SMALLER than P. vivax
Band Trophozoite
Ziemann’s Dots
Invades OLD red cells/mature RBC
Infected RBC: Normal Size

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

C. Plasmodium malariae

107
Q

Schizont: 6-12 merozoites
Merozoites are arranged around a central pigment (Fruit pie/Rosette/Daisy head Merozoites
Round / Ovoid gametocytes

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

C. Plasmodium malariae

108
Q

Small ring forms (1/6 diameter red cell), applique forms/ accole/ marginal, double nuclear dots

Multiple parasitization of red cells: multiple ring infection
Maurer’s Dots
Invades ALL AGES OF RED CELLS

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

A. Plasmodium falciparum

109
Q

Schizont: 8-36 merozoites; Ave 24
Crescent-shaped gametocytes

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

A. Plasmodium falciparum

110
Q

Occur in the warmer months of late summer and early autumn or called as AESTIVOAUTUMNAL MALARIA

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

A. Plasmodium falciparum

111
Q

Fifth human Malaria/ Parasite of Long-tailed Macaques, but humans working in nearby forest are at greatest risk of infection

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

D. Plasmodium knowlesi

112
Q

Described in humans in the Philippines and Southeast Asia

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

D. Plasmodium knowlesi

113
Q

Indistinguishable from P.malariae
Differentiation through PCR Assay and Molecular characterization

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium knowlesi
E. Plasmodium vivax

A

D. Plasmodium knowlesi

114
Q

Older developing stage of P. knowlesi resembles those of:

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium vivax
D. Plasmodium malariae

A

D. Plasmodium malariae

115
Q

Early ring stages of P. knowlesi resembles those of:

A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Plasmodium ovale
C. Plasmodium vivax
D. Plasmodium malariae

A

A. Plasmodium falciparum

116
Q

Nantucket fever

A

Babesia microti/ Babesia divergens

117
Q

Definitive Host (DH) /Final Host (FH) (SEXUAL PHASE OR SPOROGONY) of Babesia microti / Babesia divergens

A

Vector (tick)

118
Q

Intermediate Host (Asexual phase/schizogony) of B. microti / B. divergens

A

Deer, cattle, dogs, mice, Humans

119
Q

IS TO MAN: sporozoites
MOT: Bite of Tick/ (Ixodes); Blood transfussion

A

Babesia microti/ Babesia divergens

Note:
Ixodes (the bite of tick must feed for at least 12 hours before it is able to transmit the parasite)

120
Q

Maltese cross appearance
Lack of Malarial Pigment , lack of growing trophozoites, vector-ticks

A

Babesia microti/ Babesia divergens

121
Q

causes: Texas cattle fever, Red water fever

Tends to be more severe; Possible Coinfection with Lyme diseae and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis

They have NOT SHOWN Periodicity

A

Babesia microti/ Babesia divergens

122
Q

causes intestinal infection Cryptosporidosis

IS: oocyst
Laboratory diagnosis:
Stool exam, SHEATHER’S SUGAR FLOTATION
MODIFIED Acid-Fast stain: Acid-fast (+) oocyst ; (+) Purple-red-pink

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

123
Q

Parasites that have been implicated in Nursery School Outbreaks of Diarrhea

A

G. lamblia, D. fragilis, Cryptosporidium

124
Q

produces a longer duration of diarrhea than Cryptosporidiosis
Addition of 5% Potassium Dichromate allows the sporocysts to become visible

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

125
Q

Causes Toxoplasmosis, Congenital toxoplasmosis, Cerebral toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

126
Q

DH: CAT (FELINES)
IH:RODENTS
ACCENDENTAL HOST: MAN

A

Toxoplasma gondii

Note:
Oocyst in infected cat feces may infect man
Trophozoites: Crescent appearance in tissue

127
Q

Toxoplasma gondii TROPHOZOITES:
Actively dividing form:

A. Tachyzoites
B. Bradyzoites

A

A. Tachyzoites

128
Q

Toxoplasma gondii TROPHOZOITES:
Inactive form:

A. Tachyzoites
B. Bradyzoites

A

B. Bradyzoites

129
Q

Transplacental: female who acquire infection during pregnancy may transmit to embryo resulting in fetal death mental retardation in newborn or blindness in later life

Pathology: encephalomyelitis, retinochoroiditis with subsequent blindness, intracerebral calcification, Chorioretinitis

A

T.gondii

130
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
SEROLOGIC TEST: ELISA, IFA, IHA

A

T. gondii

131
Q

Treatment: trisulfapyrimidines and pyrimethamine

A

T. gondii

132
Q

Initially considered as a yeast, now classified as a PROTOZOA

Most Common form: VACUOLAR FORM
Other forms: AMOEBOID, GRANULAR
Specimen: stool
Treatment: metronidazole, iodoquinol

A

Blastocytis hominis

133
Q

✓Lung infection among immunocompromised patient
✓causes Atypical Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumonia
✓ Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in AIDS patient
✓can be stained by GIEMSA and Iron Hematoxylin
✓Gomori’s methanamine silver nitrate stain ✓TREATMENT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

A

Blastocytis hominis

134
Q

✓ Reported in patient suffering from AIDS
✓ CORNEAL INFECTIONS AND NOSEMA IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED INFANT

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
✓ Show partial positive staining with acid fast stain
✓ modified trichome stain

TREATMENT: ALBENDAZOLE

A

MICROSPORIDIA

tagumpay Sa MARCH 2024! (19 decks)

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