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Anatomy (ME) > Ventricular system, CSF, clinical relevance > Flashcards

Ventricular system, CSF, clinical relevance Flashcards

1
Q

Where is majority of CSF produced?

A

In the choroid process of the lateral ventricles

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2
Q

What must CSF pass in order to enter the 3rd ventricle?

A

The interventricular foramen

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3
Q

What must CSF pass in order to enter the 4th ventricle?

A

The cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

What structures are responsible of CSF resorption into venous drainage?

A

The arachnoid villi

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5
Q

Where can the arachnoid villi be found?

A

On the sagittal sinus

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6
Q

What is the condition called that is a result of blockage of CSF flow in the ventricles?

A

hydrocephalus

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7
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus?

A

Rise in fluid pressure causing the ventricles to swell = raised intracranial pressure

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8
Q

Give 3 symptoms of hydrocephalus?

A

headache
unsteadiness
mental impairment

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9
Q

How can pressure be relieved in hydrocephalus?

A

Insertion of a shunt connecting the ventricular system to the jugular vein

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10
Q

Describe the pathology of venous sinus thrombosis?

A

Obstruction of venous drainage which causes cerebral oedema and raised inter-cranial pressure

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11
Q

What symptoms might you except as a result of brain damage in venous sinus thrombosis

A

Headache
epileptic seizures
focal motor deficit
deterioration of consciousness

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of hamoerrhages you can get in the brain?

A

Extradural
subdural
subarachnoid
intercerebral

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13
Q

Where does an extradural haemorrhage take place

A

Between the skull and the dura mater

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14
Q

What accident is most likely to result in a extradural haemorrhage?

A

head injury

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15
Q

What happens in a extradural haemorrhage?

A

Strips the dura of the skull and compresses the brain

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16
Q

Where does a extradural haemorrhage result from?

A

Haemorrhage of the meningeal arteries

17
Q

Where does a subdural haemorrhage take place?

A

presence of blood between the dura and arachnoid layers

18
Q

What accident is likely to result in a subdural haemorrhage

A

Road traffic accident

19
Q

What vessels tears in a subdural heamorrhage?

A

Tears in the bridging veins

20
Q

What kind of a bleed is a subdural haemorrhage and why?

A

a venous bleed with low pressure

slow and gradual bleed

21
Q

Where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage take place?

A

Blood between the arachnoid and pia mater

22
Q

What is likely to cause a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

A traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage or a berry aneurysm

23
Q

What is a pathological symptom of a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Sudden severe headache

syncope

24
Q

Where does an inter-cerebral haemorrhage occur?

A

Rupture of the small vessels in perforating vessels that lead to bleeding within brain tissue

25
Q

Give a common site for intercerebral haemorrhages to occur?

A

Internal capsule following rupture due to high blood pressure

26
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges typically caused by infection

27
Q

What is the meningism triad?

A

Headache
stiff neck
photophobia

28
Q

What other symptoms (not the trida) may also be present in meningitis?

A

Nausea and vomiting

fever

29
Q

Why is bacterial meningitis more urgent and requires urgent treatment?

A

It can lead to brain damage or death

30
Q

What is amaurosis fugax?

A

Temporary vision loss in one eye

31
Q

What happens in amaurosis fugax?

A

Part of a carotid plaques breaks off and occludes the retinal artery

32
Q

What is a berry aneurysm?

A

Congenital sac like pouching of an inter-craninal artery

33
Q

What happens in the berry aneurysm?

A

Progressive enlargement of the sac like pouching until sudden rupture resulting in subarachnoid/inter cerebral haemorrhage

34
Q

where is berry aneurysm most likely to occur?

A

Branching points around the circle of willis

Commonly the anterior communicating artery which lies in the subarachnoid space

35
Q

What are the 2 types of stroke?

A

Ischaemic or haemorrhagic

36
Q

Where does an ischaemic stroke occur?

A

Intercerebral haemorrhage

bleeding into the brain tissue

37
Q

Where is a haemorrhagic stroke occur?

A

A subarachnoid haemorrhage

between the arachnoid and pia mater

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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