Axilla, brachial plexus & muscles of anterior arm

Question 1

What structures form the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 1

Pec major

Pec minor

Question 2

What structures for the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 2

Subscapularis
Teres minor
Latissimus dorsi

Question 3

What structures form the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 3

Upper end of the humerus
Bicep brachii
Coracobrachialis

Question 4

What structures form the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 4

Serattus anterior covering the ribs

Intercostal spaces

Question 5

What structures in front form the apex of the axilla?

Answer 5

1st rib medially with the clavicle

Question 6

What structure behind form the apex of the axilla?

Answer 6

Scapula

Question 7

What does the apex of the axilla act as between the trinangle of the neck and the axilla?

Answer 7

channel of communication

Question 8

What forms the base of the axilla?

Answer 8

skin and fascia extending between the chest wall and arm

Question 9

What does the axilla contain?

Answer 9

Fat and lymph nodes
Axillary artery which supplies the upper limb
Axillary vein- venous drainage of the arm
Brachial plexus- nerve supplying the arm

Question 10

What structures do the lymph nodes in the axilla drain?

Answer 10

Upper limbs
Chest wall (front and back)
Abdominal wall as far as umbilicus

Question 11

Why are the lymph nodes of the axilla clinically important?

Answer 11

Commonly involved with cancerous spread, particularly from the breast.

Question 12

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

Answer 12

C5-T1

Question 13

What is the nerve supply for the full posterior arm?

Answer 13

Radial

Question 14

What is the nerve supply for the anterior upper arm?

Answer 14

Musculocutaneous

Question 15

What is the nerve supply for the anterior fore arm?

Answer 15

Median

Question 16

What is the nerve supply for the hand (minus the thumb)

Answer 16

Ulna

Question 17

What is the nerve supply for the thumb region of the hand?

Answer 17

Median

Question 18

What roots of the brachial plexus are damaged in an Erbs palsy?

Answer 18

Upper one or two roots

Question 19

What muscles are paralysed in Erbs palsy?

Answer 19

Extensor muscles of the wrist

Question 20

What clinical observation would paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist show?

Answer 20

‘Waiters tip’

Question 21

What roots of the brachial plexus are damaged in a Klumpkes palsy?

Answer 21

Lower one or two roots of the brachial plexus

Question 22

What is left paralysed in a Klumpkes palsy?

Answer 22

Muscles in the hand are paralysed

Question 23

What nerve roots form the lower root of the brachial plexus?

Answer 23

T1 nerve root

Question 24

What nerve root of the brachial plexus carries supply to the face?

Answer 24

T1 nerve root

Question 25

What will damage to the T1 nerve root cause?

Answer 25

drooping eyelid
anhidrosis- lack of sweating on the face
miosis- constricted pupils

Question 26

What is the name of the syndrome that develops as a result of damage to the T1 nerve root?

Answer 26

Horners syndrome