Ribs and Lungs

Question 1

What are the external intercostal muscle involved in?

Answer 1

expansion of the chest during inhalation

Question 2

What are the internal intercostal muscles involved in?

Answer 2

compression of the chest during expiration

Question 3

What boney structure lie subcutaneously in the anterior chest wall?

Answer 3

Clavicle and sternum

Question 4

Using a stethoscope to listen to valves what is in the 2nd intercostal space?

Answer 4

aorta and pulmonary semi lunar valves.

Question 5

Using a stethoscope to listen to valves what is in the 4th and 5th intercostal space?

Answer 5

4th = tricuspid valve
5th= mitral valve

Question 6

What 3 parts make up the pleural cavity?

Answer 6

1. Parietal pleura
2. serous fluid
3. Visceral pleura

Question 7

What does the right main bronchus divide into?

Answer 7

Superior lobular bronchus

Question 8

Inhalation of food is like to happen in which lung and why?

Answer 8

Right lung because the main bronchus is vertical, bigger and shorter

Question 9

The left lung splits into how many lobes?

Answer 9

Superior and inferior lobe

Question 10

How many fissures on the left lung?

Answer 10

1 fissure called the oblique fissure on the 6th rib

Question 11

How many lobes does the right lung split into?

Answer 11

3 lobes

1. superior lobe
2. middle lobe
3. inferior lobe

Question 12

How many fissures are there on the right lung and what are the names?

Answer 12

2 fissures
oblique fissure
horizontal fissure

Question 13

What is the location of the oblique fissure on the right lung?

Answer 13

6th rib

Question 14

What is the location of the horizontal fissure on the right lung?

Answer 14

4th rib

Question 15

How many surfaces of the lungs are there?

Answer 15

3 surfaces

1. costal surface
2. mediastinal surface
3. diaphragmatic surface

Question 16

What splits at the sternal angle under the sternum?

Answer 16

the trachea into bronchus

Question 17

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Answer 17

Vagus nerve

Question 18

What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Answer 18

Phrenic nerve

Question 19

What does parasympathetic innervation of the lungs do?

Answer 19

Vasodilation and bronchoconstriction

Question 20

What does sympathetic innervation of the lungs do?

Answer 20

vasoconstriction and bronchiodilation

Question 21

How would you locate the apex of the lung?

Answer 21

3cm above from the clavicle

Question 22

What is the diaphramgn made up of and what is it involved in?

Answer 22

Smooth muscle- involuntary control

Skeletal muscle- voluntary control

Question 23

At what level does the inferior vena cava cross the diaphragm?

Answer 23

T8

Question 24

At what level does the oesophagus cross the diaphragm?

Answer 24

T10

Question 25

At What level does the aorta cross the diaphragm?

Answer 25

T12

Question 26

What are the 3 types of ribs?

Answer 26

1. True ribs 2. False ribs 3. Floating ribs

Question 27

At what level does the azygos vein cross the diaphragm?

Answer 27

T12

Question 28

At what level is the angle of Louis found?

Answer 28

T4/T5

Question 29

Where does the 1st rib attach?

Answer 29

Supersternal notch

Question 30

What does the attachment of the 2nd rib form?

Answer 30

Angle of Louis

Question 31

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 31

Synovial joint

Question 32

What is the space between the lung called?

Answer 32

Mediastinum

Question 33

How is the mediastinum of the lung split into?

Answer 33

1. Superior (between the thoracic inlet and the angle of louis) 2. Inferior a) anterior b) middle c) posterior

Question 34

What can be found in the anterior mediastinum of the lungs?

Answer 34

Thymus gland which is responsible for producing lymphocytes

Question 35

What can be found in the middle mediastinum of the lungs?

Answer 35

The heart

Question 36

What can be found in the posterior mediastinum of the lungs?

Answer 36

The aorta and oesophagus

Question 37

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 37

T4/T5 angle of louis

Question 38

What structure lies behind the trachea

Answer 38

Oesophagus

Question 39

What kind of cells like the airways?

Answer 39

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 40

What kind of pain will be caused by irritation to viscera?

Answer 40

Dull pain

Question 41

What kind of pain will be described by the patient when there is irritation to the parietal?

Answer 41

Specific, well localised and sharp pain

Question 42

What structures run through the hilum of the lungs?

Answer 42

``` Main bronchus pulmonary artery 2 pulmonary veins bronchial artery Lymphatic vessels pulmonary plexus - vagus and sympathetic nerves ```

Question 43

How does contraction of the diaphragm assist in returning blood to the heart?

Answer 43

Net effect contraction decreases intra-thoracic pressure and increases infra abdominal pressure

Question 44

What is the sensory and motor innveration to the diaphragm?

Answer 44

sensory and motor are the phrenic nerve spinal cords c3,4,5

Question 45

What is the surface marking of the lowest part of the lung mid-clavicular?

Answer 45

6th rib

Question 46

What is the surface marking of mid-axillary of the lung?

Answer 46

8th rib

Question 47

What is the posterior surface marking of the lung?

Answer 47

10th rib

Question 48

What is the thoracic duct?

Answer 48

it is the main lymphatic channel draining lymph from lower half of the body.

Question 49

Where does the thoracic duct join the vascular system?

Answer 49

Junction of the left subcalvin and internal jugular vein