Ribs and Lungs Flashcards
What are the external intercostal muscle involved in?
expansion of the chest during inhalation
What are the internal intercostal muscles involved in?
compression of the chest during expiration
What boney structure lie subcutaneously in the anterior chest wall?
Clavicle and sternum
Using a stethoscope to listen to valves what is in the 2nd intercostal space?
aorta and pulmonary semi lunar valves.
Using a stethoscope to listen to valves what is in the 4th and 5th intercostal space?
4th = tricuspid valve 5th= mitral valve
What 3 parts make up the pleural cavity?
- Parietal pleura
- serous fluid
- Visceral pleura
What does the right main bronchus divide into?
Superior lobular bronchus
Inhalation of food is like to happen in which lung and why?
Right lung because the main bronchus is vertical, bigger and shorter
The left lung splits into how many lobes?
Superior and inferior lobe
How many fissures on the left lung?
1 fissure called the oblique fissure on the 6th rib
How many lobes does the right lung split into?
3 lobes
- superior lobe
- middle lobe
- inferior lobe
How many fissures are there on the right lung and what are the names?
2 fissures
oblique fissure
horizontal fissure
What is the location of the oblique fissure on the right lung?
6th rib
What is the location of the horizontal fissure on the right lung?
4th rib
How many surfaces of the lungs are there?
3 surfaces
- costal surface
- mediastinal surface
- diaphragmatic surface
What splits at the sternal angle under the sternum?
the trachea into bronchus
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs?
Vagus nerve
What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs?
Phrenic nerve
What does parasympathetic innervation of the lungs do?
Vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
What does sympathetic innervation of the lungs do?
vasoconstriction and bronchiodilation
How would you locate the apex of the lung?
3cm above from the clavicle
What is the diaphramgn made up of and what is it involved in?
Smooth muscle- involuntary control
Skeletal muscle- voluntary control
At what level does the inferior vena cava cross the diaphragm?
T8
At what level does the oesophagus cross the diaphragm?
T10
At What level does the aorta cross the diaphragm?
T12
What are the 3 types of ribs?
- True ribs
- False ribs
- Floating ribs
At what level does the azygos vein cross the diaphragm?
T12
At what level is the angle of Louis found?
T4/T5
Where does the 1st rib attach?
Supersternal notch
What does the attachment of the 2nd rib form?
Angle of Louis
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial joint
What is the space between the lung called?
Mediastinum
How is the mediastinum of the lung split into?
- Superior (between the thoracic inlet and the angle of louis)
- Inferior
a) anterior
b) middle
c) posterior
What can be found in the anterior mediastinum of the lungs?
Thymus gland which is responsible for producing lymphocytes
What can be found in the middle mediastinum of the lungs?
The heart
What can be found in the posterior mediastinum of the lungs?
The aorta and oesophagus
At what level does the trachea bifurcate?
T4/T5 angle of louis
What structure lies behind the trachea
Oesophagus
What kind of cells like the airways?
Pseudostratified epithelium
What kind of pain will be caused by irritation to viscera?
Dull pain
What kind of pain will be described by the patient when there is irritation to the parietal?
Specific, well localised and sharp pain
What structures run through the hilum of the lungs?
Main bronchus pulmonary artery 2 pulmonary veins bronchial artery Lymphatic vessels pulmonary plexus - vagus and sympathetic nerves
How does contraction of the diaphragm assist in returning blood to the heart?
Net effect
contraction decreases intra-thoracic pressure and increases infra abdominal pressure
What is the sensory and motor innveration to the diaphragm?
sensory and motor are the phrenic nerve
spinal cords c3,4,5
What is the surface marking of the lowest part of the lung mid-clavicular?
6th rib
What is the surface marking of mid-axillary of the lung?
8th rib
What is the posterior surface marking of the lung?
10th rib
What is the thoracic duct?
it is the main lymphatic channel draining lymph from lower half of the body.
Where does the thoracic duct join the vascular system?
Junction of the left subcalvin and internal jugular vein
