Kidney, suprarenal glands, posterior abdominal wall & perineum Flashcards
Where is the kidney located?
Outside the perineum in the posterior abdominal wall
True/False
The kidney is located outside the perineum in the posterior abdominal wall
True
What is the kidney covered and embedded in?
Fat and covered in renal fascia
What 5 structures run through the hilum of the kidney?
Renal artery Renal veins Lymphatics ureter sympathetic nerves
What structure sits immediately superior to the kidney?
the adrenal glands
In terms of the hilum of the kidney what structure sits in the front?
The renal vein
Where does the renal vein drain into?
IVC
What are the 3 branches given off by the abdominal IVC?
- suprarenal vein
- renal vein
- gonadal vein
Where does the ureter run in terms of the hilum of the kidney?
under the gonadal vessels
Where do the renal arteries arise from?
The abdominal aorta
What structures are responsible for draining the right and left kidneys?
Right and left renal veins
What is the difference between the right and left venous drainage of the kidneys?
The right side drain individually and directly into the IVC whereas the one the left the vessels drain into the renal vein first then the IVC
Why are kidney tumours less likely to spread?
They have multiple layers surrounding them
What symptoms will be present in males if a tumour blocks the blood supply to the gonads?
Swelling of the scrotum
What investigation must be carried out if a patient presents with unilateral swelling of the scrotum?
Ultrasound scan of the kidney
What do the renal pyramids drain into?
the minor calyx
How does the renal pyramids present in dessection?
Stripped
What does the level of the umbilicus indicate?
Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
What 2 major arteries arise from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?
Right and left common iliac arteries
What do the right and left common iliac arteries divide into?
Internal and external iliac arteries
What does the external iliac artery become?
The femoral artery
What does the femoral artery suuply?
Most of the lower limbs
What does the internal illiac arteries divide into?
anterior and posterior iliac arteries
What does the anterior internal iliac artery supply?
The bladder, uterus and placenta
What does the external internal iliac artery supply?
The buttock
What does the external internal iliac artery form?
Superior and inferior gluteal artery
What 4 muscles form the posterior abdominal wall?
Diaphragm
psoas
quadratus luborum
transverse abdominus
What 4 structures lie anterior to the left kidney?
spleen
stomach
pancrease
coils of intestines
What 3 structures lie anterior to right kidney?
liver
duodenum
coils of intestines
What does the posterior abdominal wall consist of?
Psoas
quadratus lumborum
lumbar spine
What structures run along the posterior abdominal wall?
IVC
aorta
autominic plexus
lymph nodes
What are renal calculi?
Renal stones
When do renal calculi cause pain?
When they pass down the ureter into the bladder
What 3 narrowing can a renal calculi cause pain when passing?
pelvis of the kidney and ureter
pelvis brim
ureter and bladder
What happens in a varicoceal?
When venous drainage is blocked from the testicle
Inflammation of what structure can cause a psoas spasm?
Appendix
What will cause pain in a patient that has a psoas spasm?
flex and extension of hip
Where is the perineum located?
In between the thighs and is the most inferior part of the pelvic outlet
Where does the spermatic cord run from?
The deep inguinal ring
What does the spermatic cord run through?
The inguinal canal
What does the spermatic cord run to?
The superficial ring
What does the spermatic cord do as it passes through the inguinal canal
Collected layers of the abdominal muslces
What structures does the spermatic cord contain going to and from the testes?
Vas deferens testicular artery pampiniform plexus vein nerves lymphatics
What is the name of the sac that covers the testes?
Tunica vaginalis
What is the tunica vaginalis derived from?
The perineum
What is the names of the coiled tube that lies along the posterior border of each testes?
The epididymis
What is the epididymis?
coiled tube that lies along the posterior border of each testes
What is the name of the PEDOUCULES pouch of skin that contains the testes (NOT tunica vaginalis)
The scrotum
How would you describe the appearance of the scrotum?
Thin
pigmented
wrinkled
What divided the scrotum creating a left and right side?
The superficial fasica
What 3 sections make up the penis?
The root, body, and distal glans
What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the body of the penis called?
Corpora
What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the body of the penis covered in and why?
Dense strong fascia layer
limit expansion during erection
Where does an indirect hernia pass through?
each 3 layers of the abdo wall
where does a direct hernia pass through?
Directly through the superfical ring
What the nerve roots of the kidneys and gonad?
t10-L2
True/false:
The kidneys and gonads have the same autonomic nerve supply?
True
where can kidney pain be felt?
in the scrotum
Where can gonadal pain be felt?
in the loin
What is a hydrocoeal?
swelling around the testes in the tunica vaginalis
