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Anatomy (ME) > Kidney, suprarenal glands, posterior abdominal wall & perineum > Flashcards

Kidney, suprarenal glands, posterior abdominal wall & perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

Outside the perineum in the posterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

True/False

The kidney is located outside the perineum in the posterior abdominal wall

A

True

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3
Q

What is the kidney covered and embedded in?

A

Fat and covered in renal fascia

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4
Q

What 5 structures run through the hilum of the kidney?

A 
Renal artery
Renal veins 
Lymphatics
ureter
sympathetic nerves
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5
Q

What structure sits immediately superior to the kidney?

A

the adrenal glands

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6
Q

In terms of the hilum of the kidney what structure sits in the front?

A

The renal vein

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7
Q

Where does the renal vein drain into?

A

IVC

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8
Q

What are the 3 branches given off by the abdominal IVC?

A
  1. suprarenal vein
  2. renal vein
  3. gonadal vein
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9
Q

Where does the ureter run in terms of the hilum of the kidney?

A

under the gonadal vessels

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10
Q

Where do the renal arteries arise from?

A

The abdominal aorta

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11
Q

What structures are responsible for draining the right and left kidneys?

A

Right and left renal veins

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12
Q

What is the difference between the right and left venous drainage of the kidneys?

A

The right side drain individually and directly into the IVC whereas the one the left the vessels drain into the renal vein first then the IVC

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13
Q

Why are kidney tumours less likely to spread?

A

They have multiple layers surrounding them

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14
Q

What symptoms will be present in males if a tumour blocks the blood supply to the gonads?

A

Swelling of the scrotum

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15
Q

What investigation must be carried out if a patient presents with unilateral swelling of the scrotum?

A

Ultrasound scan of the kidney

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16
Q

What do the renal pyramids drain into?

A

the minor calyx

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17
Q

How does the renal pyramids present in dessection?

A

Stripped

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18
Q

What does the level of the umbilicus indicate?

A

Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

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19
Q

What 2 major arteries arise from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?

A

Right and left common iliac arteries

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20
Q

What do the right and left common iliac arteries divide into?

A

Internal and external iliac arteries

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21
Q

What does the external iliac artery become?

A

The femoral artery

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22
Q

What does the femoral artery suuply?

A

Most of the lower limbs

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23
Q

What does the internal illiac arteries divide into?

A

anterior and posterior iliac arteries

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24
Q

What does the anterior internal iliac artery supply?

A

The bladder, uterus and placenta

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25
Q

What does the external internal iliac artery supply?

A

The buttock

26
Q

What does the external internal iliac artery form?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal artery

27
Q

What 4 muscles form the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Diaphragm
psoas
quadratus luborum
transverse abdominus

28
Q

What 4 structures lie anterior to the left kidney?

A

spleen
stomach
pancrease
coils of intestines

29
Q

What 3 structures lie anterior to right kidney?

A

liver
duodenum
coils of intestines

30
Q

What does the posterior abdominal wall consist of?

A

Psoas
quadratus lumborum
lumbar spine

31
Q

What structures run along the posterior abdominal wall?

A

IVC
aorta
autominic plexus
lymph nodes

32
Q

What are renal calculi?

A

Renal stones

33
Q

When do renal calculi cause pain?

A

When they pass down the ureter into the bladder

34
Q

What 3 narrowing can a renal calculi cause pain when passing?

A

pelvis of the kidney and ureter
pelvis brim
ureter and bladder

35
Q

What happens in a varicoceal?

A

When venous drainage is blocked from the testicle

36
Q

Inflammation of what structure can cause a psoas spasm?

A

Appendix

37
Q

What will cause pain in a patient that has a psoas spasm?

A

flex and extension of hip

38
Q

Where is the perineum located?

A

In between the thighs and is the most inferior part of the pelvic outlet

39
Q

Where does the spermatic cord run from?

A

The deep inguinal ring

40
Q

What does the spermatic cord run through?

A

The inguinal canal

41
Q

What does the spermatic cord run to?

A

The superficial ring

42
Q

What does the spermatic cord do as it passes through the inguinal canal

A

Collected layers of the abdominal muslces

43
Q

What structures does the spermatic cord contain going to and from the testes?

A 
Vas deferens 
testicular artery 
pampiniform plexus 
vein
nerves 
lymphatics
44
Q

What is the name of the sac that covers the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis

45
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis derived from?

A

The perineum

46
Q

What is the names of the coiled tube that lies along the posterior border of each testes?

A

The epididymis

47
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

coiled tube that lies along the posterior border of each testes

48
Q

What is the name of the PEDOUCULES pouch of skin that contains the testes (NOT tunica vaginalis)

A

The scrotum

49
Q

How would you describe the appearance of the scrotum?

A

Thin
pigmented
wrinkled

50
Q

What divided the scrotum creating a left and right side?

A

The superficial fasica

51
Q

What 3 sections make up the penis?

A

The root, body, and distal glans

52
Q

What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the body of the penis called?

A

Corpora

53
Q

What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the body of the penis covered in and why?

A

Dense strong fascia layer

limit expansion during erection

54
Q

Where does an indirect hernia pass through?

A

each 3 layers of the abdo wall

55
Q

where does a direct hernia pass through?

A

Directly through the superfical ring

56
Q

What the nerve roots of the kidneys and gonad?

A

t10-L2

57
Q

True/false:

The kidneys and gonads have the same autonomic nerve supply?

A

True

58
Q

where can kidney pain be felt?

A

in the scrotum

59
Q

Where can gonadal pain be felt?

A

in the loin

60
Q

What is a hydrocoeal?

A

swelling around the testes in the tunica vaginalis

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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