Kidney, suprarenal glands, posterior abdominal wall & perineum

Question 1

Where is the kidney located?

Answer 1

Outside the perineum in the posterior abdominal wall

Question 2

True/False

The kidney is located outside the perineum in the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the kidney covered and embedded in?

Answer 3

Fat and covered in renal fascia

Question 4

What 5 structures run through the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 4

Renal artery
Renal veins 
Lymphatics
ureter
sympathetic nerves

Question 5

What structure sits immediately superior to the kidney?

Answer 5

the adrenal glands

Question 6

In terms of the hilum of the kidney what structure sits in the front?

Answer 6

The renal vein

Question 7

Where does the renal vein drain into?

Answer 7

IVC

Question 8

What are the 3 branches given off by the abdominal IVC?

Answer 8

1. suprarenal vein
2. renal vein
3. gonadal vein

Question 9

Where does the ureter run in terms of the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 9

under the gonadal vessels

Question 10

Where do the renal arteries arise from?

Answer 10

The abdominal aorta

Question 11

What structures are responsible for draining the right and left kidneys?

Answer 11

Right and left renal veins

Question 12

What is the difference between the right and left venous drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 12

The right side drain individually and directly into the IVC whereas the one the left the vessels drain into the renal vein first then the IVC

Question 13

Why are kidney tumours less likely to spread?

Answer 13

They have multiple layers surrounding them

Question 14

What symptoms will be present in males if a tumour blocks the blood supply to the gonads?

Answer 14

Swelling of the scrotum

Question 15

What investigation must be carried out if a patient presents with unilateral swelling of the scrotum?

Answer 15

Ultrasound scan of the kidney

Question 16

What do the renal pyramids drain into?

Answer 16

the minor calyx

Question 17

How does the renal pyramids present in dessection?

Answer 17

Stripped

Question 18

What does the level of the umbilicus indicate?

Answer 18

Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

Question 19

What 2 major arteries arise from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 19

Right and left common iliac arteries

Question 20

What do the right and left common iliac arteries divide into?

Answer 20

Internal and external iliac arteries

Question 21

What does the external iliac artery become?

Answer 21

The femoral artery

Question 22

What does the femoral artery suuply?

Answer 22

Most of the lower limbs

Question 23

What does the internal illiac arteries divide into?

Answer 23

anterior and posterior iliac arteries

Question 24

What does the anterior internal iliac artery supply?

Answer 24

The bladder, uterus and placenta

Question 25

What does the external internal iliac artery supply?

Answer 25

The buttock

Question 26

What does the external internal iliac artery form?

Answer 26

Superior and inferior gluteal artery

Question 27

What 4 muscles form the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 27

Diaphragm psoas quadratus luborum transverse abdominus

Question 28

What 4 structures lie anterior to the left kidney?

Answer 28

spleen stomach pancrease coils of intestines

Question 29

What 3 structures lie anterior to right kidney?

Answer 29

liver duodenum coils of intestines

Question 30

What does the posterior abdominal wall consist of?

Answer 30

Psoas quadratus lumborum lumbar spine

Question 31

What structures run along the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 31

IVC aorta autominic plexus lymph nodes

Question 32

What are renal calculi?

Answer 32

Renal stones

Question 33

When do renal calculi cause pain?

Answer 33

When they pass down the ureter into the bladder

Question 34

What 3 narrowing can a renal calculi cause pain when passing?

Answer 34

pelvis of the kidney and ureter pelvis brim ureter and bladder

Question 35

What happens in a varicoceal?

Answer 35

When venous drainage is blocked from the testicle

Question 36

Inflammation of what structure can cause a psoas spasm?

Answer 36

Appendix

Question 37

What will cause pain in a patient that has a psoas spasm?

Answer 37

flex and extension of hip

Question 38

Where is the perineum located?

Answer 38

In between the thighs and is the most inferior part of the pelvic outlet

Question 39

Where does the spermatic cord run from?

Answer 39

The deep inguinal ring

Question 40

What does the spermatic cord run through?

Answer 40

The inguinal canal

Question 41

What does the spermatic cord run to?

Answer 41

The superficial ring

Question 42

What does the spermatic cord do as it passes through the inguinal canal

Answer 42

Collected layers of the abdominal muslces

Question 43

What structures does the spermatic cord contain going to and from the testes?

Answer 43

``` Vas deferens testicular artery pampiniform plexus vein nerves lymphatics ```

Question 44

What is the name of the sac that covers the testes?

Answer 44

Tunica vaginalis

Question 45

What is the tunica vaginalis derived from?

Answer 45

The perineum

Question 46

What is the names of the coiled tube that lies along the posterior border of each testes?

Answer 46

The epididymis

Question 47

What is the epididymis?

Answer 47

coiled tube that lies along the posterior border of each testes

Question 48

What is the name of the PEDOUCULES pouch of skin that contains the testes (NOT tunica vaginalis)

Answer 48

The scrotum

Question 49

How would you describe the appearance of the scrotum?

Answer 49

Thin pigmented wrinkled

Question 50

What divided the scrotum creating a left and right side?

Answer 50

The superficial fasica

Question 51

What 3 sections make up the penis?

Answer 51

The root, body, and distal glans

Question 52

What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the body of the penis called?

Answer 52

Corpora

Question 53

What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue that make up the body of the penis covered in and why?

Answer 53

Dense strong fascia layer limit expansion during erection

Question 54

Where does an indirect hernia pass through?

Answer 54

each 3 layers of the abdo wall

Question 55

where does a direct hernia pass through?

Answer 55

Directly through the superfical ring

Question 56

What the nerve roots of the kidneys and gonad?

Answer 56

t10-L2

Question 57

True/false: The kidneys and gonads have the same autonomic nerve supply?

Answer 57

True

Question 58

where can kidney pain be felt?

Answer 58

in the scrotum

Question 59

Where can gonadal pain be felt?

Answer 59

in the loin

Question 60

What is a hydrocoeal?

Answer 60

swelling around the testes in the tunica vaginalis