Brainstem and cranial nerves Flashcards
What 3 structures make up the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What is the ventral aspect of the midbrain divided into?
Dorsal tectum and ventral tegmentum
Where does the pons lie?
Between the medulla and the midbrain
Where does the medulla oblongata begin?
Foramen magnum
What is the bulbopontine sulcus?
A transverse groove at the cuadal border of the pons
What is the basillar sulcus?
A shallow sulcus in which the basillar artery lies
What is the middle cerebellar peduncle?
Lateral extensions of neural tissue from pons to cerebellum
What are the 4 cranial nerve that originate from the ventral surface of the pons?
CV V- trigeminal
CNVI- abducens
CN VII- facial
CNVIII- vestibulocochlear
What is the anterior median fissure?
Partial division of medulla in the ventral midline
Where are the pyramid located?
on the ventral surface of the medulla
What is a pyramid (located on the medulla)?
Elongated eminence between the anterior median fissure and the corticospinal tract
What does the pyramid mark out that is deep?
underlying fibres passing from the cerebral hemispheres to the cord
What is the dessusation of the pyramid?
Diagonally oriented bundles of fibres crossing the fissure to enter the opposite lateral column of the spinal cord
What is the olive?
eminence located lateral to the ventrolateral sulcus caused by the presence of underlying inferior olivary nucleus
What is the olive concerned with?
Control of movement
What is the inferior cerebellar peduncle?
forms the posterolateral margin of the medulla
is a thick bundle of white matter passing into the cerebellum
What system is the superior colliculi part of and what is it concerned with?
Visual system and concerned with eye reflexes
What system is the inferior colliculi part of and what is it concerned with?
The auditory system and relexes of looking towards loud noise
What is the pineal gland and where is it located?
An endocrine gland that synthesises melatonin and is found on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain
What is the name of the structure that marks the midline of the medulla
posterior median sulcus
What does the posterior median sulcus mark?
The midline of the medulla
What is the gracile tubercle?
round swelling on either side of the midline located on the medulla
Where is the gracile tubercle located?
On either side of the midline of the medulla
What is the cuneate tubercle?
Swelling lateral to the gracile tubercle
What tubulces from part of the dorsal column
The gracile and cuneate tubercles
What cranial nerves does the tegmentum contain
CNIX- glossopharyngeal
CNX- vagus
CNXI- accessory
CNXII- hypoglossal
