Heart

Question 1

What does the heart sit in?

Answer 1

A pericardial sac that is lined by the pericardium.

Its filled with pericardial fluid that lubricates and allows smooth pumping of the heart

Question 2

Where would you locate the heart?

Answer 2

On the left, mid-clavicular 5th intercostal space

Question 3

What is located on the right hand border of the heart?

Answer 3

The right atrium

Question 4

What is located on the front border of the heart?

Answer 4

Right ventricle

Question 5

What is located on the left border of the heart?

Answer 5

Left ventricle

Question 6

What structure forms the posterior border of the heart?

Answer 6

Left atrium

Question 7

What is the name of the valves between the right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve

Question 8

How many pulmonary arteries are there?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 10

Mitral valve

Question 11

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood too?

Answer 11

The lungs

Question 12

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood too?

Answer 12

The body

Question 13

What artery is referred to as the widow maker?

Answer 13

Left anterior descending

Question 14

What do the papillary muscle attach too?

Answer 14

The chordae tendineae

Question 15

Do the papillary muscle attach to the valves?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

What is the name of the structure in foetal development that forms a shunt between the left and right atrium of the heart?

Answer 16

Foramen ovale

Question 17

What structure is found in the right atrium that involves the fusion of the foramen ovale?

Answer 17

Fossa ovale

Question 18

What are the names of the series of irregular muscular elevations found on the right ventricle?

Answer 18

Trabeculae carnae

Question 19

What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 19

Left anterior descending

Circumflex artery

Question 20

What is the ductes arteriosus?

Answer 20

It is a shunt between the pulmonary artery and aorta.

It carries blood from pulmonary arteries into the aorta before the lungs have developed in the foetus.

Question 21

What is the ligamentous arteriosus?

Answer 21

it is the closing of the ductus arteriosus after birth.

All blood then passes from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 22

What are the 2 main branches of the common carotids?

Answer 22

External common carotid

internal common carotid

Question 23

What does the external common carotid artery supply?

Answer 23

The face and neck

Question 24

What does the right common carotid supply?

Answer 24

Most of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 25

What are the roots of the phrenic nerve and why are they clinically important?

Answer 25

C3, 4, 5 pain affecting the diaphragm is felt at the side of the neck and shoulder tip

Question 26

What 6 structures are supplied by the vagus nerve?

Answer 26

``` pharynx larnyx heart lungs forgut midgut ```

Question 27

What are the 8 vessels that connect the heart to other structures?

Answer 27

``` Aorta pulmonary artery 4 pulmonary veins superior vena cava inferior vena cava ```

Question 28

How does the pericardium contribute to reduction of ventricular filling?

Answer 28

Made up of fibrous tissue and therefore resistant to stretching and restricts max end diastolic volumes

Question 29

How many cusps on the tricuspid valve?

Answer 29

3 cusps

Question 30

How many cusps on the mitral valve?

Answer 30

2 cusps

Question 31

Describe the order of r how valves connect to the heart muscles?

Answer 31

Valve cordae tendinea papillary muscles

Question 32

What are the cusps of the heart made up of?

Answer 32

Fibrous tissue covered in endothelial that are flexible

Question 33

What is involved in the conducting system of the heart?

Answer 33

The atroventricualr node found in the atrial septum

Question 34

What are the names of the fibres that travel down the ventricular septum and down the apex of the heart?

Answer 34

Purkinje fibres

Question 35

What is the blood supply of the sino-atrial node?

Answer 35

Right coronary artery (60%)

Question 36

What is the blood supply of the atrioventricular node?

Answer 36

Posterior intraventricular artery

Question 37

What is the location of the sino atrial node?

Answer 37

Located on the cristea terminals

Question 38

What structures drain into the azygous vein?

Answer 38

Lateral and posterior chest wall lateral and posterior abdominal wall