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Anatomy (ME) > Abdomen and its contents > Flashcards

Abdomen and its contents Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?

A

The peritoneum

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2
Q

What type of cell makes up the peritoneum?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum cover?

A

Covers the inside of the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

Cover the viscera e.g. stomach, intestines etc

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5
Q

What is the greater sac and where does it begin and end?

A

It is the larger portion of the peritoneal cavity

It begins superiorly at the diaphragm and continues inferiorly into the pelvic cavity

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6
Q

What is another pharse for the omental bursa?

A

Lesser sac

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7
Q

Where is the lesser sac positioned and what is its function?

A

The lesser sac lies posteriorly to the stomach and lesser omentum

It allows the stomach to move freely.

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8
Q

What is the name of the opening that connects the lesser and greater sac?

A

The epiploic foramen

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9
Q

What structures surround the epiploic foramen?

A 
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct (anteriorly)
IVC
1st part of duodenum
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10
Q

Which arteries supply the greater omentum?

A

The right and left epiploic arteries

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11
Q

What was the greater omentum derived from?

A

From the dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

What was the lesser omentum derived from?

A

From the ventral mesentery

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13
Q

What does the greater omentum cover?

A

It drapes over the traverse colon and coils over the jejunum and the ilium

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14
Q

Where does the lesser omentum extend from?

A

It extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum to inferior surface of the liver

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15
Q

What is the name of the ligament that is medially located to the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

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16
Q

What is the name of the ligament that is laterally located to the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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17
Q

What structure carried the portal triad?

A

The hepatoduodenal ligament

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18
Q

What structures are part of the portal triad?

A

hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

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19
Q

Where does the hepatogastric ligament start and end?

A

It connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the visceral surface of the liver

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20
Q

Where does the hepatoduodenal ligament start and end?

A

It passes from the duodenal bulb towards the visceral surface of the liver.

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21
Q

Which arteries are transported by the lesser omentum

A

Right and left gastric arteries

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22
Q

What are the right and left gastric arteries a branch of?

A

The coeliac trunk

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23
Q

Which other vessels run in the same direction with the gastric arteries in the lesser omentum?

A

The right and left gastric arteries

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24
Q

Where do the right and left gastric arteries drain into?

A

The hepatic portal vein

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25
Q

What is retroperitoneal?

A

Some parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are suspended by mesentery and able to move freely.

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26
Q

What is mesentery?

A

They are double peritoneal folds that attach the viscera to the posterior abdominal wall

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27
Q

What is the superior attachment of the mesentery?

A

The duodenojujunal junction

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28
Q

What is inferior attachment of the mesentery?

A

The illiocaecal junction

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29
Q

Which arteries supplies the organs of the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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30
Q

Which artery supply the organs of the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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31
Q

Which vessels are involved in venous drainage of the mesentery?

A

The superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein

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32
Q

What is ascites?

A

Its the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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33
Q

What is the most common cause of ascites?

A

portal hypertension (2ndary to cirrhosis of the liver)

34
Q

If tumours develop in the ascending colon why can they spread to the liver?

A

Everything drains into the hepatic portal vein in the liver

35
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the forgut and midgut?

A

Vagus nerve

36
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

37
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the forgut?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

38
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the midgut?

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve

39
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

A

Least splanchnic nerve

40
Q

What organs are part of the forgut?

A 
Distal end of the oesophagus 
Stomach
Pancreases
Spleen
Liver 
Gall bladder
2nd part of the duodenum
41
Q

What make up the midgut?

A 
Distal half of duodenum
Jejunum
Ilium 
Ascending colon 
Proximal half of Transverse colon

Appendix
Caecum

42
Q

What make up the hindgut?

A 
Distal half of transverse colon 
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum ?
Anal canal
43
Q

What are the 4 quadrant patterns?

A

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

44
Q

What are the nine region patterns?

A
  1. Right hypochondrium
  2. Epigastrium
  3. Left hypochondrium
  4. Right flank
  5. Umbillicus
  6. Left flank
  7. Right iliac
  8. Super pubic
  9. Left iliac
45
Q

What is another word for the appendices epiploicia?

A

Fatty tags

46
Q

What is the name of the 3 longitudinal muscles that run along the surface of the large bowel?

A

Teniae coli

47
Q

What are haustrations?

A

Circular inner bulges in the large bowel

48
Q

What do the tenure coli do?

A

The strips of mucles shorten to contract the large bowel producing haustra

49
Q

What is the blood supply to the forgut?

A

The coeliac trunk (arises from the abdominal aorta)

50
Q

What is the blood supply for the midgut?

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric artery

51
Q

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

A

Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

52
Q

Is the stomach

  1. retroperitoneal
  2. intraperitoneal
A
  1. intraperitoneal
53
Q

What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?

A

Lesser and greater curvature

54
Q

Describe the structure of the stomach?

A 
Abdominal oesophagus 
Cardia 
Fundus 
Body 
pyloric antrum 
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter
55
Q

What is the pyloris?

A

The area that connects the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum.

56
Q

What vertebral level can be pyloric sphincter be found at?

A

L1

57
Q

Where is pain in the midgut felt?

A

Umbillicus

58
Q

Where is pain in the foregut felt?

A

Epigastrium

59
Q

Where is pain in the handout felt?

A

Supra pubic

60
Q

If a patient is in the supine position where is fluid mostly like to fill in the abdomen?

A

Posterior to the liver

61
Q

What embryonic structure forms the ligamentes teres?

A

The umbilical vein returing blood from the placenta to the liver

62
Q

Where does the base of the appendix lie?

A

Mc Burneys point

2/3 of the way of the umbilicus to anterior iliac spine

63
Q

What is the location of the liver?

A

Primary located in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region extending to the left hypochondrium

64
Q

What does the sub phrenic region separate?

A

The diaphragmatic surface from the liver

65
Q

Where is the hepatorenal recess and where is it located?

A

Its part of the peritoneum on the right hand side, and is located between the liver and right kidney

66
Q

What is the aorta hepatis?

A

Its the point of entry into the liver for the hepatic arteries, portal veins and exist for the hepatic ducts.

67
Q

What is the name of the embryological shunt the

at branches from the umbilical vein allowing blood to bypass the foetal liver into the IVC

A

Ductous venous

68
Q

What does the ductous venous change into after birth?

A

Ligamentous venous

69
Q

What does the embryological umbilical vein become after birth?

A

Ligamentes teres

70
Q

Where does the fundus of the gall bladder lie?

A

Against the under surface of the diaphragm

71
Q

Where is the gall bladder located?

A

Within the right hypo-chondrium region of the abdomen

72
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the gall bladder?

A

Cystic artery which is a branch of the right hepatic artery

73
Q

What is responsible for venous draining of the gall bladder?

A

The cystic veins that drain directly into the hepatic portal vein

74
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the gall bladder?

A

vagus nerve

75
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the gall bladder?

A

coeliac plexus

76
Q

Where is the spleen located in the abdomen?

A

Located in the left upper abdomen

77
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

To filter blood and remove old red blood cells

78
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament do?

A

Connects the spleen to the lesser curvature of the stomach

79
Q

What does the splenorenal ligament do?

A

Connects the hilum of the spleen to the left kidney.

80
Q

What else runs through the spelnorenal ligament?

A

Splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas

81
Q

Which vessels are responsible for arterial and venous blood supply to the spleen?

A

Splenic arteries and splenic veins

82
Q

What is the innervation to the spleen?

A

Coeliac plexus

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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