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Anatomy (ME) > Abdomen and its contents > Flashcards

Abdomen and its contents Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?

A

The peritoneum

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2
Q

What type of cell makes up the peritoneum?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum cover?

A

Covers the inside of the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

Cover the viscera e.g. stomach, intestines etc

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5
Q

What is the greater sac and where does it begin and end?

A

It is the larger portion of the peritoneal cavity

It begins superiorly at the diaphragm and continues inferiorly into the pelvic cavity

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6
Q

What is another pharse for the omental bursa?

A

Lesser sac

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7
Q

Where is the lesser sac positioned and what is its function?

A

The lesser sac lies posteriorly to the stomach and lesser omentum

It allows the stomach to move freely.

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8
Q

What is the name of the opening that connects the lesser and greater sac?

A

The epiploic foramen

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9
Q

What structures surround the epiploic foramen?

A 
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct (anteriorly)
IVC
1st part of duodenum
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10
Q

Which arteries supply the greater omentum?

A

The right and left epiploic arteries

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11
Q

What was the greater omentum derived from?

A

From the dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

What was the lesser omentum derived from?

A

From the ventral mesentery

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13
Q

What does the greater omentum cover?

A

It drapes over the traverse colon and coils over the jejunum and the ilium

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14
Q

Where does the lesser omentum extend from?

A

It extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum to inferior surface of the liver

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15
Q

What is the name of the ligament that is medially located to the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

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16
Q

What is the name of the ligament that is laterally located to the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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17
Q

What structure carried the portal triad?

A

The hepatoduodenal ligament

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18
Q

What structures are part of the portal triad?

A

hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

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19
Q

Where does the hepatogastric ligament start and end?

A

It connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the visceral surface of the liver

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20
Q

Where does the hepatoduodenal ligament start and end?

A

It passes from the duodenal bulb towards the visceral surface of the liver.

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21
Q

Which arteries are transported by the lesser omentum

A

Right and left gastric arteries

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22
Q

What are the right and left gastric arteries a branch of?

A

The coeliac trunk

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23
Q

Which other vessels run in the same direction with the gastric arteries in the lesser omentum?

A

The right and left gastric arteries

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24
Q

Where do the right and left gastric arteries drain into?

A

The hepatic portal vein

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25
What is retroperitoneal?
Some parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are suspended by mesentery and able to move freely.
26
What is mesentery?
They are double peritoneal folds that attach the viscera to the posterior abdominal wall
27
What is the superior attachment of the mesentery?
The duodenojujunal junction
28
What is inferior attachment of the mesentery?
The illiocaecal junction
29
Which arteries supplies the organs of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
30
Which artery supply the organs of the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
31
Which vessels are involved in venous drainage of the mesentery?
The superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein
32
What is ascites?
Its the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
33
What is the most common cause of ascites?
portal hypertension (2ndary to cirrhosis of the liver)
34
If tumours develop in the ascending colon why can they spread to the liver?
Everything drains into the hepatic portal vein in the liver
35
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the forgut and midgut?
Vagus nerve
36
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
37
What is the sympathetic innervation to the forgut?
Greater splanchnic nerve
38
What is the sympathetic innervation to the midgut?
Lesser splanchnic nerve
39
What is the sympathetic innervation to the hindgut?
Least splanchnic nerve
40
What organs are part of the forgut?
``` Distal end of the oesophagus Stomach Pancreases Spleen Liver Gall bladder 2nd part of the duodenum ```
41
What make up the midgut?
``` Distal half of duodenum Jejunum Ilium Ascending colon Proximal half of Transverse colon ``` Appendix Caecum
42
What make up the hindgut?
``` Distal half of transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum ? Anal canal ```
43
What are the 4 quadrant patterns?
Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant
44
What are the nine region patterns?
1. Right hypochondrium 2. Epigastrium 3. Left hypochondrium 4. Right flank 5. Umbillicus 6. Left flank 7. Right iliac 8. Super pubic 9. Left iliac
45
What is another word for the appendices epiploicia?
Fatty tags
46
What is the name of the 3 longitudinal muscles that run along the surface of the large bowel?
Teniae coli
47
What are haustrations?
Circular inner bulges in the large bowel
48
What do the tenure coli do?
The strips of mucles shorten to contract the large bowel producing haustra
49
What is the blood supply to the forgut?
The coeliac trunk (arises from the abdominal aorta)
50
What is the blood supply for the midgut?
Superior and inferior mesenteric artery
51
What is the blood supply to the hindgut?
Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
52
Is the stomach 1. retroperitoneal 2. intraperitoneal
2. intraperitoneal
53
What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?
Lesser and greater curvature
54
Describe the structure of the stomach?
``` Abdominal oesophagus Cardia Fundus Body pyloric antrum pyloric canal pyloric sphincter ```
55
What is the pyloris?
The area that connects the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum.
56
What vertebral level can be pyloric sphincter be found at?
L1
57
Where is pain in the midgut felt?
Umbillicus
58
Where is pain in the foregut felt?
Epigastrium
59
Where is pain in the handout felt?
Supra pubic
60
If a patient is in the supine position where is fluid mostly like to fill in the abdomen?
Posterior to the liver
61
What embryonic structure forms the ligamentes teres?
The umbilical vein returing blood from the placenta to the liver
62
Where does the base of the appendix lie?
Mc Burneys point 2/3 of the way of the umbilicus to anterior iliac spine
63
What is the location of the liver?
Primary located in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region extending to the left hypochondrium
64
What does the sub phrenic region separate?
The diaphragmatic surface from the liver
65
Where is the hepatorenal recess and where is it located?
Its part of the peritoneum on the right hand side, and is located between the liver and right kidney
66
What is the aorta hepatis?
Its the point of entry into the liver for the hepatic arteries, portal veins and exist for the hepatic ducts.
67
What is the name of the embryological shunt the | at branches from the umbilical vein allowing blood to bypass the foetal liver into the IVC
Ductous venous
68
What does the ductous venous change into after birth?
Ligamentous venous
69
What does the embryological umbilical vein become after birth?
Ligamentes teres
70
Where does the fundus of the gall bladder lie?
Against the under surface of the diaphragm
71
Where is the gall bladder located?
Within the right hypo-chondrium region of the abdomen
72
What is the arterial blood supply to the gall bladder?
Cystic artery which is a branch of the right hepatic artery
73
What is responsible for venous draining of the gall bladder?
The cystic veins that drain directly into the hepatic portal vein
74
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the gall bladder?
vagus nerve
75
What is the sympathetic innervation of the gall bladder?
coeliac plexus
76
Where is the spleen located in the abdomen?
Located in the left upper abdomen
77
What is the function of the spleen?
To filter blood and remove old red blood cells
78
What does the gastrosplenic ligament do?
Connects the spleen to the lesser curvature of the stomach
79
What does the splenorenal ligament do?
Connects the hilum of the spleen to the left kidney.
80
What else runs through the spelnorenal ligament?
Splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas
81
Which vessels are responsible for arterial and venous blood supply to the spleen?
Splenic arteries and splenic veins
82
What is the innervation to the spleen?
Coeliac plexus

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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