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Anatomy (ME) > Base of the skull, orbit, eye & ear > Flashcards

Base of the skull, orbit, eye & ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossa?

A

Anterior
middle
posterior

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2
Q

What does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

A

The frontal lobe

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3
Q

What does the orbital part of the frontal bone form?

A

The roof of the orbit and the forehead

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4
Q

Where is the middle cranial fossa located and what does it hold?

A

below and behind the anterior cranial fossa and contains the temporal, parietal and occipital lobe

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5
Q

Where is the posterior cranial fossa located and what does it hold?

A

Lowest part and hold the midbrain and cerebellum

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6
Q

What structure forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

The ethmoid bone

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7
Q

What are the names of the 2 other structures that make up the ethmoid bone?

A

The cribriform plates

Crista galli

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8
Q

What does the cribriform plate support?

A

Supports the olfactory bulb

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9
Q

What does the ethmoid bone transmit?

A

Olfactory nerves

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10
Q

Clinical

What can the cribriform plate spread ?

A

Tumors in the upper part of the nasal cavity to the anterior cranial fossa

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11
Q

Which BONE acts as a site for the attachment for the flax cerebri?

A

The frontal bone

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12
Q

What structure on the ethmoid also acts as a site of attachment for the flax cerebri?

A

Crista galli

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13
Q

What is the name of the process that arises at the end of the anterior cranial fossa

A

The lesser wing

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14
Q

What does the lesser wing act as an attachment for?

A

The tentorium cerebelli

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15
Q

Where is the pituitary fossa located?

A

In the middle cranial fossa

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16
Q

What is another name for the pituitary fossa

A

Sella turcica

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17
Q

What is the function of the sella turcica?

A

Holds and supports the pituitary gland

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18
Q

Where is the superior orbital fissure located?

A

Underneath & lateral the lesser wing, lateral to the sella turcica

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19
Q

What cranial nerves run through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III- oculomotor
CN IV- trochlear
CN V1 trigeminal- ophthalmic branch
CN VI- abducens

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20
Q

Where is the optic canal located?

A

Medial to the lesser wing

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21
Q

What CN runs through the optic canal?

A

CN II optic nerve

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22
Q

What CN nerve runs through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2- trigeminal- maxillary branch

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23
Q

What CN runs through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3- trigeminal- mandibular branch

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24
Q

What CN runs through the foramen spinosum?

A

CN V3 meningeal branch and artery and veins

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25
Q

What are the 4 foramina that are immediately lateral to the central part of the middle crainal fossa?

A

Superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

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26
Q

What foramina in the posterior cranical fossa is part of the temporal bone?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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27
Q

What CN runs through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII- facial

CN VIII- vestibuloccochlear

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28
Q

What is the name of the large opening that lies centrally in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Foramen magnum

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29
Q

What does the foramen magnum transmit?

A

Medulla, spinal accessories and arteries

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30
Q

What is the name of the foramen that is situated on either side of the foramen magnum?

A

Internal jugular foramina

31
Q

What CN does the internal jugular foramen transmit?

A

CN IX- glossopharangeal
CN X- vagus
CN XI- accessory

32
Q

What foramen/canal is located on the lateral margin of foramen magnum?

A

Hypoglossal canal

33
Q

What CN runs through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

34
Q

What is the auricle?

A

Ear/ear lobe

35
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus?

A

The ear canal

36
Q

What is another name for eardrum?

A

Tympanic membrane

37
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

The ear drum

38
Q

What are the 3 ear ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

39
Q

Which of the 3 ear ossicles is the smallest?

40
Q

What can the ear divided onto?

A

3 groups
outer
middle
inner

41
Q

What are the 2 functions of the inner ear?

A

convert mechanical signals into electrical signals

Maintain balance by detecting position and motion

42
Q

How many semi lunar canals are there in the ear?

A

3
anterior
lateral
posterior

43
Q

What do the semi-lunar canals contain?

A

Semi lunar ducts

44
Q

what are the functions of the semi luna canals?

A

Maintain balance

45
Q

Damage to the middle ear what will patients complain of?

A

Sound is too loud

46
Q

Damage to the middle ear what will patients present with?

A

Drooping face

47
Q

What are the function of the extra-ocular muscles?

A

Control movement of the eyeball and the superior eyelid`

48
Q

What muscles is responsible for the movement of the eye?

A

Superior rectus
inferior rectus
lateral oblique
medial oblique

49
Q

What muscle is responsible for the movement of the superior eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrea superiorsis muscle

50
Q

What CN supply the extra ocular muscle?

A 
Abducens 
optic 
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
51
Q

What is the blood supply to the eye?

A

Ophthalmic arteries

52
Q

What vessels are involved in venous drainage of the eye?

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic arteries

53
Q

What are the 3 main pathways into the orbit of the eye?

A

optic canal
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure

54
Q

Where does levator palpebrea superiosis muscle originate?

A

Lesser wing of the sphenodial bone

55
Q

Where doeslevator palpebrea superiosis muscle attach?

A

Upper eye lid

56
Q

What is the innervation of levator palpebrea superiosis muscle ?

A

occulomotor CN III

57
Q

What is ptosis?

A

Droopy eyelid

58
Q

What causes ptosis?

A

Damage to CNIII oculomotor which causes paralysis of levator palpebrea superiosis muscle

59
Q

Where are the lacrimal glands located?

A

Inside the lateral margins of the orbit adjacent to levator palpebrea superiosis muscle

60
Q

Where does superior rectus originate

A

deep part of the orbit at the common tendonous ring

61
Q

What is the name of the muscle that runs over the eyeball

A

Superior rectus

62
Q

Where does superior rectus insert?

A

Into the anterior equator of the eyeball behind the conjuctival sac

63
Q

What is the name of the muscle that runs along the length of the lateral wall

A

Lateral rectus

64
Q

What is the name of the muscle that runs medially and passes through the trochlear?

A

Medial rectus

65
Q

What muscle is inferior to superior oblique

A

Medial rectus

66
Q

What are the lacrimal puncti?

A

Small medial holes located in the upper and lower eyelids

67
Q

What are the parasympathetic innervation and spinal segments to the eye?

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

s2,3,4

68
Q

Which 2 of the parasympathetic innervation supply the orbit?

A

Oculomotor

facial

69
Q

What spinal segments give sympathetic outflow to the eye

70
Q

What is the movement of superior rectus?

A

Up and slightly adduct

71
Q

What is the movement of Inferior oblique

A

up and slight abduct

72
Q

What is the movement if inferior rectus

A

downs and slight adduct

73
Q

what is the movement of superior oblique

A

down and slight abdction

74
Q

Which conscious sensation does not reach the thalamus?

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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