Base of the skull, orbit, eye & ear

Question 1

What are the 3 cranial fossa?

Answer 1

Anterior
middle
posterior

Question 2

What does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

Answer 2

The frontal lobe

Question 3

What does the orbital part of the frontal bone form?

Answer 3

The roof of the orbit and the forehead

Question 4

Where is the middle cranial fossa located and what does it hold?

Answer 4

below and behind the anterior cranial fossa and contains the temporal, parietal and occipital lobe

Question 5

Where is the posterior cranial fossa located and what does it hold?

Answer 5

Lowest part and hold the midbrain and cerebellum

Question 6

What structure forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

The ethmoid bone

Question 7

What are the names of the 2 other structures that make up the ethmoid bone?

Answer 7

The cribriform plates

Crista galli

Question 8

What does the cribriform plate support?

Answer 8

Supports the olfactory bulb

Question 9

What does the ethmoid bone transmit?

Answer 9

Olfactory nerves

Question 10

Clinical

What can the cribriform plate spread ?

Answer 10

Tumors in the upper part of the nasal cavity to the anterior cranial fossa

Question 11

Which BONE acts as a site for the attachment for the flax cerebri?

Answer 11

The frontal bone

Question 12

What structure on the ethmoid also acts as a site of attachment for the flax cerebri?

Answer 12

Crista galli

Question 13

What is the name of the process that arises at the end of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 13

The lesser wing

Question 14

What does the lesser wing act as an attachment for?

Answer 14

The tentorium cerebelli

Question 15

Where is the pituitary fossa located?

Answer 15

In the middle cranial fossa

Question 16

What is another name for the pituitary fossa

Answer 16

Sella turcica

Question 17

What is the function of the sella turcica?

Answer 17

Holds and supports the pituitary gland

Question 18

Where is the superior orbital fissure located?

Answer 18

Underneath & lateral the lesser wing, lateral to the sella turcica

Question 19

What cranial nerves run through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 19

CN III- oculomotor
CN IV- trochlear
CN V1 trigeminal- ophthalmic branch
CN VI- abducens

Question 20

Where is the optic canal located?

Answer 20

Medial to the lesser wing

Question 21

What CN runs through the optic canal?

Answer 21

CN II optic nerve

Question 22

What CN nerve runs through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 22

CN V2- trigeminal- maxillary branch

Question 23

What CN runs through the foramen ovale?

Answer 23

CN V3- trigeminal- mandibular branch

Question 24

What CN runs through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 24

CN V3 meningeal branch and artery and veins

Question 25

What are the 4 foramina that are immediately lateral to the central part of the middle crainal fossa?

Answer 25

Superior orbital fissure foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum

Question 26

What foramina in the posterior cranical fossa is part of the temporal bone?

Answer 26

Internal acoustic meatus

Question 27

What CN runs through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 27

CN VII- facial CN VIII- vestibuloccochlear

Question 28

What is the name of the large opening that lies centrally in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 28

Foramen magnum

Question 29

What does the foramen magnum transmit?

Answer 29

Medulla, spinal accessories and arteries

Question 30

What is the name of the foramen that is situated on either side of the foramen magnum?

Answer 30

Internal jugular foramina

Question 31

What CN does the internal jugular foramen transmit?

Answer 31

CN IX- glossopharangeal CN X- vagus CN XI- accessory

Question 32

What foramen/canal is located on the lateral margin of foramen magnum?

Answer 32

Hypoglossal canal

Question 33

What CN runs through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 33

CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 34

What is the auricle?

Answer 34

Ear/ear lobe

Question 35

What is the external acoustic meatus?

Answer 35

The ear canal

Question 36

What is another name for eardrum?

Answer 36

Tympanic membrane

Question 37

What is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 37

The ear drum

Question 38

What are the 3 ear ossicles?

Answer 38

Malleus Incus Stapes

Question 39

Which of the 3 ear ossicles is the smallest?

Answer 39

Stapes

Question 40

What can the ear divided onto?

Answer 40

3 groups outer middle inner

Question 41

What are the 2 functions of the inner ear?

Answer 41

convert mechanical signals into electrical signals Maintain balance by detecting position and motion

Question 42

How many semi lunar canals are there in the ear?

Answer 42

3 anterior lateral posterior

Question 43

What do the semi-lunar canals contain?

Answer 43

Semi lunar ducts

Question 44

what are the functions of the semi luna canals?

Answer 44

Maintain balance

Question 45

Damage to the middle ear what will patients complain of?

Answer 45

Sound is too loud

Question 46

Damage to the middle ear what will patients present with?

Answer 46

Drooping face

Question 47

What are the function of the extra-ocular muscles?

Answer 47

Control movement of the eyeball and the superior eyelid`

Question 48

What muscles is responsible for the movement of the eye?

Answer 48

Superior rectus inferior rectus lateral oblique medial oblique

Question 49

What muscle is responsible for the movement of the superior eyelid?

Answer 49

Levator palpebrea superiorsis muscle

Question 50

What CN supply the extra ocular muscle?

Answer 50

``` Abducens optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal ```

Question 51

What is the blood supply to the eye?

Answer 51

Ophthalmic arteries

Question 52

What vessels are involved in venous drainage of the eye?

Answer 52

superior and inferior ophthalmic arteries

Question 53

What are the 3 main pathways into the orbit of the eye?

Answer 53

optic canal superior orbital fissure inferior orbital fissure

Question 54

Where does levator palpebrea superiosis muscle originate?

Answer 54

Lesser wing of the sphenodial bone

Question 55

Where doeslevator palpebrea superiosis muscle attach?

Answer 55

Upper eye lid

Question 56

What is the innervation of levator palpebrea superiosis muscle ?

Answer 56

occulomotor CN III

Question 57

What is ptosis?

Answer 57

Droopy eyelid

Question 58

What causes ptosis?

Answer 58

Damage to CNIII oculomotor which causes paralysis of levator palpebrea superiosis muscle

Question 59

Where are the lacrimal glands located?

Answer 59

Inside the lateral margins of the orbit adjacent to levator palpebrea superiosis muscle

Question 60

Where does superior rectus originate

Answer 60

deep part of the orbit at the common tendonous ring

Question 61

What is the name of the muscle that runs over the eyeball

Answer 61

Superior rectus

Question 62

Where does superior rectus insert?

Answer 62

Into the anterior equator of the eyeball behind the conjuctival sac

Question 63

What is the name of the muscle that runs along the length of the lateral wall

Answer 63

Lateral rectus

Question 64

What is the name of the muscle that runs medially and passes through the trochlear?

Answer 64

Medial rectus

Question 65

What muscle is inferior to superior oblique

Answer 65

Medial rectus

Question 66

What are the lacrimal puncti?

Answer 66

Small medial holes located in the upper and lower eyelids

Question 67

What are the parasympathetic innervation and spinal segments to the eye?

Answer 67

CN 3, 7, 9, 10 s2,3,4

Question 68

Which 2 of the parasympathetic innervation supply the orbit?

Answer 68

Oculomotor | facial

Question 69

What spinal segments give sympathetic outflow to the eye

Answer 69

T1-L2

Question 70

What is the movement of superior rectus?

Answer 70

Up and slightly adduct

Question 71

What is the movement of Inferior oblique

Answer 71

up and slight abduct

Question 72

What is the movement if inferior rectus

Answer 72

downs and slight adduct

Question 73

what is the movement of superior oblique

Answer 73

down and slight abdction

Question 74

Which conscious sensation does not reach the thalamus?

Answer 74

Olfactory