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Anatomy (ME) > General features of the brain & meninges > Flashcards

General features of the brain & meninges Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the 4 bones that form the upper vault of the skull?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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2
Q

What are the gyri?

A

Rolls of the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

What are the sulci?

A

Grooves between the gyri

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4
Q

What is the central sulcus and what does it separate?

A

Its a large fissure that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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5
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

Its the midline that separates the right and left hemisphere

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6
Q

What is the lateral fissure and what does it seperate?

A

Its a large fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe

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7
Q

What is the corpus collasum?

A

Its a large bundle of white matter that connects the 2 hemispheres

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8
Q

Where does the olfactory tracts lie on the underside of the brain?

A

They run along the surfce of the lobes

seen anteriorly

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9
Q

Where does the optic nerves pass?

A

They pass backwards and medially

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10
Q

When the optic nerve converge what do they form?

A

The optic chiasma

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11
Q

What passes laterally and backwards to the optic chiasma?

A

The optic tracts

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12
Q

How do the optic tracts pass?

A

Pass laterally and backwards to the optic chiasma

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13
Q

What are the mamillary bodies and where do they lie?

A

2 round eminences located behind the optic chiasma

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14
Q

Where does the hypothalamus lie and what does it include?

A

behind the optic chiasma and includes the mammillary bodies

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15
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus is most visible when looking at the underside of the brain?

A

Diencephalon

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16
Q

When When tumours form on the pituitary gland what structure can they apply pressure on? what structure can they apply pressure on?

A

The optic chiasma

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17
Q

what are the clinical consequences of pressure applied on the optic chiasma due to tumours formed on the pituitary gland?

A

Bilateral hemianopia which is the loss of peripheral vision

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18
Q

What are the crura cerebri and the cerebral peduncles?

A

2 large masses of white matter emerging on either side of the mamillairy bodies

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19
Q

How do the crura cerebri and the cerebral peduncles lie?

A

They pass backwards and converge in the midline at the upper border of the pons

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20
Q

What is the interpenduncular fossa?

A

Space between the crura roofed over by the arachnoid

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21
Q

Where is the pons situated?

A

immediately behind the point where crura meet in the midline

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22
Q

What does the pons form?

A

It forms a bridge of neural tissue between the midbrain and medulla oblongata

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23
Q

What can the cerebellum also be referred to as?

A

The little brain

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24
Q

Describe the structure of the Cerebellum?

A

It has 2 lobes on either side of the medulla and a central vermis joining the 2 hemispheres

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25
Q

What are the 3 structures that make up the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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26
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves that are given off the medulla oblongata?

A

Glossopharangeal (CN IX)
vagus CN X
Hypoglossal CN XII
Accessory CN XI

27
Q

What 2 centres are housed in the medulla oblongata

A

Cardio and respiratory centres

28
Q

What does the medulla oblongata lie close to?

A

Foramen magnum

29
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Perception and interpretation of sensory information

formation of motors responces

30
Q

What are the 8 functions of the frontal lobe?

A 
motor function 
problem solving 
memory 
language 
judgement 
personality 
social behaviour 
sexual behaviour
31
Q

Which lobe is the Broca area a part of?

A

Frontal lobe

32
Q

Where can the broca area be found in the frontal lobe?

A

Found at the inferior frontal gyrus

33
Q

What is the Broca area important for?

A

Language production and comprehension

34
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A

long term memory formation

35
Q

What is the amygdala involved in?

A

Reward and fear responses

36
Q

What does amygdala influences in order for it exert its effects?

A

ANS and the endocrine system

37
Q

Which part of the brain/limbic system is highly connected to pleasure centres in the brain?

A

The amygdala

38
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers of the brain?

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

39
Q

How many layers make up the dura?

A

2 layers

40
Q

What are the names of the 2 layers that make up the dura mater?

A

Outer endosteal layer

Inner meningeal layer

41
Q

What is the name of the outer layer of the dura mater?

A

The outer endosteal layer

42
Q

What is the name of the inner layer of the dura mater?

A

The inner meningeal layer

43
Q

What does the outer endosteal layer of the dura line?

A

Lines the interior of the skull

44
Q

What does the outer endosteal layer of the dura send to the cranial bones?

A

Blood vessels and fibrosis processes

45
Q

Where do blood vessels and fibrosis processes of the endosteal layer of the dura get sent to?

A

To the cranial bones

46
Q

What does the inner meningeal layer of the dura cover?

A

completely envelopes the CNS

47
Q

Which layer of the dura mater continues as a tube and is seen around the spinal cord?

A

The inner meningeal layer

48
Q

What does the inner meningeal layer of the dura cover do for the cranial nerves?

A

Provides tubular sheaths for the cranial nerves

49
Q

What are the Dural venous sinuses?

A

It is a system of communicating blood filled spaces where the dural folds attach to the skull

50
Q

Which sinus in the brain is the most clinically important?

A

Cavernous sinus

51
Q

True/False:

The outer endosteal layer and inner meningeal later of the dura mater fuse for the most part?

A

True

52
Q

What do the dural folds support?

A

The subdivisions of the brain

53
Q

Where is the Falx cerebri located?

A

In the longitudinal fissure

54
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A

Where the falx cerebri attaches to the cranium

55
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli and what does it form a roof over?

A

Dura forming a thick fibroud roof over the posterior cranial fossa and the cerebellum

56
Q

What is the flax cerebelli?

A

Small vertical sickle shaped reflection of dura separating the 2 lobes of the cerebellum

57
Q

What is the name of the mater that encloses the brain loosely following the dura?

A

Arachnoid mater

58
Q

What is the name of the space that exists between the arachnoid and pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid cisterns

59
Q

What is the subarchnoid cisterns filled with?

A

CSF

60
Q

Where is the straight sinus located?

A

Within the tentorium cerebelli and attaches to the flax cerebri

61
Q

What is the name of the layer that is closely adherent to the underlying nervous tissue of the brain?

A

Pia mater

62
Q

What is the name of the meningeal layer that forms part of the BBB?

A

Pia mater

63
Q

Why is the pia mater functionally very important?

A

Forms part of the BBB

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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