Abdominal muscles & inguinal Flashcards
What are the names of the 3 abdominal flat muscles?
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transverse abdominis
What is the origin of the external oblique muscle?
Arises from the external surfaces and inferior borders of rib 5-12.
What is the insertion of External oblique?
Inserts into the liner alba, iliac crest and pubic tubicle and pubic crest.
How is the external oblique muscles positioned?
Run obliquely downwards and inwards.
What are the 2 actions of external oblique?
- compression of the abdominal contents
2. contralateral rotation of the torso
What is the innervation of external oblique?
Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T10
Subcostal nerves T12
Which muscle is the largest out of the 3 flat muscles?
External Oblique
What muscle lies deep the external oblique muscle?
Internal Oblique
How is the internal oblique muscles positioned?
Upwards and inwards
What is the origin of internal oblique?
Arises from the lateral half of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle?
From rib 10-12 and attaches to the inferior borders of the cartilages, and liner alba ???????
What are the 3 functions of internal oblique?
- bilateral compression of abdominal contents
- unilateral contraction ipsilaterally rotates the torso
- contraction of both of the internal obliques muscles flexes the vertebral column.
What is the innervation of the internal oblique?
- intercostal nerves (T7-T11)
- subcostal nerve (T12)
- illihypogastric and illolinguinal nerve L1
What forms the conjoint tendon?
Fusion of the the aponeurosis of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal in the inguinal region.
What is the name of the deepest flat muscle?
Transverse abdominus
What structure lies deep to the transverse abdominus?
Transverse fascia
What is the origin of transverse abdominus?
inguinal ligament, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
What is the insertion of transverse abdominus?
Inserts into the conjoint tendon, xyphoid process linear alba and pubic crest and pubic tubicle
What is the innervation of the transverse abdominus?
Intercostal nerves 7-12
illiohypogastric nerve
ililinguilnal nerve
What is the name of the long paired muscle that lies on either side of the midline and split by the linear alba?
Rectus abdominus
What is the origin of rectus abdominus?
Pubic crest
What is the insertion of the rectus abdominus?
inserts into the xyphoid process of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 down to the pubis and meshes with rectus sheet.
What are the actions of rectus abdominus?
- assets muscles that compress the abdominal wall
2. stabilise the pelvis during walking depress the ribs
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominus?
intercostal nerve (T7-T11) subcostal nerve (T12)
What are the names of the fibrous bands that cross the muscles to give a ‘6 pack appearance’?
3 tendinous intersections
What is the inguinal ligament?
A ligament that runs the length of the external oblique muscle that is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubicle
Where is the inguinal canal located?
Above medial half of the inguinal ligament
What are the 2 functions of the inguinal canal in males?
Transmits all the structures to and from the testes to form the spermatic cord.
The testes also descend down the inguinal canal to an areas that is suitable for spermatogenesis.
Where is the superficial ring located?
On the external oblique
Where is the deep ring located?
In the transversalis layer
Whats forms the passage of the inguinal canal?
Deep ring from the transversalis layer to the superficial ring in the external oblique.
What muscle fold to form the floor of the inguinal ligament?
External oblique
Where does the internal oblique muscle insert in males?
Inserts into the pubic tubicle behind the spermatic cord.
Which muscles are involved in respiration?
External and internal oblique
What is the aponeurosis?
A thick tendon that forms a sheeth around rectus abdominus
What are the names of the two planes of the 4 upper quadrant pattern?
- Medial plane
2. Transumbilical plane
Name the sections of the 9 region pattern
- Right hypochondrium
- epigastric region
- Left hypochondrium
- Left flank
- Umbilicus
- Right flank
- Left groin
- Pelvic region
- Right groin
What are the names of the 2 planes in the 9 region pattern?
- Midclavicular plane
2. Subcostal plane
How can hernias form?
Weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall
What happens in a hernia?
The bowels/organs protrude out of the abdomen.
What is the definition of a direct hernia?
Protrusion that happens through the abdominal wall.
What is the definition of an indirect hernia?
Protrusion that happened through the deep ring and the superficial ring.
What are the 2 vertical lines that divide the abdomen into 9 regions?
From the mid clavicular point to mid inguinal point.
What are the 2 horizontal lines that divide the abdomen into 9 regions?
Subcostal
Intertubcular
How would you draw the transpiloric planes?
Half way between the jugular notch and pubic symphysis
What vertebral level is the transpiloric planes found?
L1
Name 5 structures in line with the transpiloric plane?
Stomach pancreases duodenojejunal flexure gall bladder kidney
How would you draw the trans tubercular plane?
In line with the iliac crest
What vertebrae would be line with trans tubercular plane?
L4
What bifurcation occurs at L4
Abdominal aorta will split at L4
What is the intercristal plane?
Joins the highest point of the pelvis at the back
What level would the intecritial plane be found at, and why is it important?
Between L4-L5
Where you would perform lumbar punctures and epidural
What vertebra is the subcostal plane located?
L2
What is L2 a marker for?
End of the Spine
Superior mesenteric artery
What 5 structures are in line within the rectus sheet?
rectus abdominus superior and inferior epigastric artery nerves superior and inferior epigastric veins lymphatics
What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?
External iliac artery
What is the internal thoracic artery a branch of and what does it supply?
The subclavian artery supplies anterior chest, breast and abdominal
What structures are part of the foregut?
Oesophagus stomach 1st 1/2 of duodenum liver gall bladder spleen pancreases
What nerve innervates the foregut?
Greater splanchnic nerve
Which spinal nerves does the greater splanchnic nerve arise from?
T5-T9
What nerve innervates the midgut?
Lesser splanchnic nerve
Where is pain from the foregut usually felt?
Anteriorly to the midline i.e. the epigastrium
What 6 structures are part of the midgut?
Last half of the duodenum jejunum ileum cecum ascending colon proximal half of transverse colon
What innervates the midgut?
Lesser Splanchnic nerve
Which spinal nerves does the lesser splanchnic nerve arise from?
T10-T11
Where is pain from the midgut usually felt?
The periumbilical area
What 6 structures are part of the hind gut?
distal third of transverse colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
What innervates the hind gut?
Lower splanchnic nerve T12
Where is pain from the hind gut usually felt?
Suprapubic area
The superior and inferior epigastric arteries lie directly beneath which structure?
- External oblique
- Transverse abdominus
- Rectus abdominis
- Internal oblique
- Rectus abdominus
the 2 arteries run directly underneath the rectus abdominis muscle.
If blue force trauma is applied to lower abdomen its common to present with hepatoma from injury to the inferior epigastric artery
What level is the trans pyloric plane?
L1
What 5 structure are associated with the transpyloric plane?
fudus of the gall bladder pylorus of the stomach neck of pancreases duodenojejunla junction hilum of the kidneys
what is the pubic symphonies and pubic tubercuela?
Where the pubic tubercle joint
What is the floor of inguinal canal?
The inguinal canal
