Abdominal muscles & inguinal

Question 1

What are the names of the 3 abdominal flat muscles?

Answer 1

1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transverse abdominis

Question 2

What is the origin of the external oblique muscle?

Answer 2

Arises from the external surfaces and inferior borders of rib 5-12.

Question 3

What is the insertion of External oblique?

Answer 3

Inserts into the liner alba, iliac crest and pubic tubicle and pubic crest.

Question 4

How is the external oblique muscles positioned?

Answer 4

Run obliquely downwards and inwards.

Question 5

What are the 2 actions of external oblique?

Answer 5

1. compression of the abdominal contents

2. contralateral rotation of the torso

Question 6

What is the innervation of external oblique?

Answer 6

Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T10

Subcostal nerves T12

Question 7

Which muscle is the largest out of the 3 flat muscles?

Answer 7

External Oblique

Question 8

What muscle lies deep the external oblique muscle?

Answer 8

Internal Oblique

Question 9

How is the internal oblique muscles positioned?

Answer 9

Upwards and inwards

Question 10

What is the origin of internal oblique?

Answer 10

Arises from the lateral half of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

Question 11

What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 11

From rib 10-12 and attaches to the inferior borders of the cartilages, and liner alba ???????

Question 12

What are the 3 functions of internal oblique?

Answer 12

1. bilateral compression of abdominal contents
2. unilateral contraction ipsilaterally rotates the torso
3. contraction of both of the internal obliques muscles flexes the vertebral column.

Question 13

What is the innervation of the internal oblique?

Answer 13

1. intercostal nerves (T7-T11)
2. subcostal nerve (T12)
3. illihypogastric and illolinguinal nerve L1

Question 14

What forms the conjoint tendon?

Answer 14

Fusion of the the aponeurosis of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal in the inguinal region.

Question 15

What is the name of the deepest flat muscle?

Answer 15

Transverse abdominus

Question 16

What structure lies deep to the transverse abdominus?

Answer 16

Transverse fascia

Question 17

What is the origin of transverse abdominus?

Answer 17

inguinal ligament, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

Question 18

What is the insertion of transverse abdominus?

Answer 18

Inserts into the conjoint tendon, xyphoid process linear alba and pubic crest and pubic tubicle

Question 19

What is the innervation of the transverse abdominus?

Answer 19

Intercostal nerves 7-12
illiohypogastric nerve
ililinguilnal nerve

Question 20

What is the name of the long paired muscle that lies on either side of the midline and split by the linear alba?

Answer 20

Rectus abdominus

Question 21

What is the origin of rectus abdominus?

Answer 21

Pubic crest

Question 22

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominus?

Answer 22

inserts into the xyphoid process of the sternum and the costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 down to the pubis and meshes with rectus sheet.

Question 23

What are the actions of rectus abdominus?

Answer 23

1. assets muscles that compress the abdominal wall

2. stabilise the pelvis during walking depress the ribs

Question 24

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominus?

Answer 24

intercostal nerve (T7-T11)
subcostal nerve (T12)

Question 25

What are the names of the fibrous bands that cross the muscles to give a '6 pack appearance'?

Answer 25

3 tendinous intersections

Question 26

What is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 26

A ligament that runs the length of the external oblique muscle that is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubicle

Question 27

Where is the inguinal canal located?

Answer 27

Above medial half of the inguinal ligament

Question 28

What are the 2 functions of the inguinal canal in males?

Answer 28

Transmits all the structures to and from the testes to form the spermatic cord. The testes also descend down the inguinal canal to an areas that is suitable for spermatogenesis.

Question 29

Where is the superficial ring located?

Answer 29

On the external oblique

Question 30

Where is the deep ring located?

Answer 30

In the transversalis layer

Question 31

Whats forms the passage of the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

Deep ring from the transversalis layer to the superficial ring in the external oblique.

Question 32

What muscle fold to form the floor of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 32

External oblique

Question 33

Where does the internal oblique muscle insert in males?

Answer 33

Inserts into the pubic tubicle behind the spermatic cord.

Question 34

Which muscles are involved in respiration?

Answer 34

External and internal oblique

Question 35

What is the aponeurosis?

Answer 35

A thick tendon that forms a sheeth around rectus abdominus

Question 36

What are the names of the two planes of the 4 upper quadrant pattern?

Answer 36

1. Medial plane | 2. Transumbilical plane

Question 37

Name the sections of the 9 region pattern

Answer 37

1. Right hypochondrium 2. epigastric region 3. Left hypochondrium 4. Left flank 5. Umbilicus 6. Right flank 7. Left groin 8. Pelvic region 9. Right groin

Question 38

What are the names of the 2 planes in the 9 region pattern?

Answer 38

1. Midclavicular plane | 2. Subcostal plane

Question 39

How can hernias form?

Answer 39

Weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall

Question 40

What happens in a hernia?

Answer 40

The bowels/organs protrude out of the abdomen.

Question 41

What is the definition of a direct hernia?

Answer 41

Protrusion that happens through the abdominal wall.

Question 42

What is the definition of an indirect hernia?

Answer 42

Protrusion that happened through the deep ring and the superficial ring.

Question 43

What are the 2 vertical lines that divide the abdomen into 9 regions?

Answer 43

From the mid clavicular point to mid inguinal point.

Question 44

What are the 2 horizontal lines that divide the abdomen into 9 regions?

Answer 44

Subcostal Intertubcular

Question 45

How would you draw the transpiloric planes?

Answer 45

Half way between the jugular notch and pubic symphysis

Question 46

What vertebral level is the transpiloric planes found?

Answer 46

L1

Question 47

Name 5 structures in line with the transpiloric plane?

Answer 47

``` Stomach pancreases duodenojejunal flexure gall bladder kidney ```

Question 48

How would you draw the trans tubercular plane?

Answer 48

In line with the iliac crest

Question 49

What vertebrae would be line with trans tubercular plane?

Answer 49

L4

Question 50

What bifurcation occurs at L4

Answer 50

Abdominal aorta will split at L4

Question 51

What is the intercristal plane?

Answer 51

Joins the highest point of the pelvis at the back

Question 52

What level would the intecritial plane be found at, and why is it important?

Answer 52

Between L4-L5 Where you would perform lumbar punctures and epidural

Question 53

What vertebra is the subcostal plane located?

Answer 53

L2

Question 54

What is L2 a marker for?

Answer 54

End of the Spine | Superior mesenteric artery

Question 55

What 5 structures are in line within the rectus sheet?

Answer 55

``` rectus abdominus superior and inferior epigastric artery nerves superior and inferior epigastric veins lymphatics ```

Question 56

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

Answer 56

External iliac artery

Question 57

What is the internal thoracic artery a branch of and what does it supply?

Answer 57

The subclavian artery supplies anterior chest, breast and abdominal

Question 58

What structures are part of the foregut?

Answer 58

``` Oesophagus stomach 1st 1/2 of duodenum liver gall bladder spleen pancreases ```

Question 59

What nerve innervates the foregut?

Answer 59

Greater splanchnic nerve

Question 60

Which spinal nerves does the greater splanchnic nerve arise from?

Answer 60

T5-T9

Question 61

What nerve innervates the midgut?

Answer 61

Lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 62

Where is pain from the foregut usually felt?

Answer 62

Anteriorly to the midline i.e. the epigastrium

Question 63

What 6 structures are part of the midgut?

Answer 63

``` Last half of the duodenum jejunum ileum cecum ascending colon proximal half of transverse colon ```

Question 64

What innervates the midgut?

Answer 64

Lesser Splanchnic nerve

Question 65

Which spinal nerves does the lesser splanchnic nerve arise from?

Answer 65

T10-T11

Question 66

Where is pain from the midgut usually felt?

Answer 66

The periumbilical area

Question 67

What 6 structures are part of the hind gut?

Answer 67

distal third of transverse colon sigmoid colon rectum

Question 68

What innervates the hind gut?

Answer 68

Lower splanchnic nerve T12

Question 69

Where is pain from the hind gut usually felt?

Answer 69

Suprapubic area

Question 70

The superior and inferior epigastric arteries lie directly beneath which structure? 1. External oblique 2. Transverse abdominus 3. Rectus abdominis 4. Internal oblique

Answer 70

3. Rectus abdominus the 2 arteries run directly underneath the rectus abdominis muscle. If blue force trauma is applied to lower abdomen its common to present with hepatoma from injury to the inferior epigastric artery

Question 71

What level is the trans pyloric plane?

Answer 71

L1

Question 72

What 5 structure are associated with the transpyloric plane?

Answer 72

``` fudus of the gall bladder pylorus of the stomach neck of pancreases duodenojejunla junction hilum of the kidneys ```

Question 73

what is the pubic symphonies and pubic tubercuela?

Answer 73

Where the pubic tubercle joint

Question 74

What is the floor of inguinal canal?

Answer 74

The inguinal canal