Larynx and Pharynx Flashcards
where does the thyroid gland start and end?
C3-C6
What is the midline of thyroid
isthmus
what tracheal rings does the isthmus lie over
trachea rings 2-4
What are the names of the thyroid arteries?
superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery
where does the superior thyroid artery branch from?
external branch of carotid artery supplying superior thyroid artery
where do they thyroid arteries arise from?
thyrocervical artery branches to form inferior superior
What are 3 structures in the carotid sheets?
jugular vein
carotid artery
vagus nerve
where does the origin sternocleomastoid muscle
from the manubirum of the sternum and clavicle
Where is the insertion of sterocleomastoid muscle?
mastoid process located on the temporal bone
What is the innervation of superior part of thyroid?
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
What is the innervation of inferior part of thyroid
recurrent laryngeal branches
how many parathyroid glands?
4
Where do the parathyroid gland develop from
pharyngeal pouches
In thyroid surgery- what is like to be removed by accident?
parathyroid glands can result in hypocalceamia.
What are the 3 functions of larynx?
- protection of lower respiratory tract.
- cough reflex
- produce sound
what is the epithelium produce the vocal and why important?
stratified squamous epithelium.
robust protects wear and tear
what is the blood supply to the pharynx
superior and inferior artery. branches of thyroid artery
recurrent larangeal supplies what of the larynx?
motor supply from external every muscle except cricothyriod muscle?
What is the sensory innervation to?
motor to everything in larnyx
What is another name for the adams apple?
laryngeal prominence
What are the 3 unpaired cartilage in the larynx
epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid
connection for the cricoid to the hyoid is a what joint?
synovial joint
What are the names of the 3 paired cartilage?
arytenoid
cuneiform
corniculate
What do the arytenoid cartilages articulate with?
base articulates with the cricoid cartilages and the articulates corniicluate cartilage’s
where are the cuneiform located?
ary-epliglottis folds.
How many cartilages does the larynx have?
9 cartilages in total
3 paired (6) 3 unpaired
What cover the larnyx anteriorly?
Infrahyoid muscles
What is the lateral covering of the larnyx?
The lobes of the thyroid gland
What vessels are involved in venous drainage of the larnyx?
Superior and inferior laryngeal veins
Where does the superior laryngeal vein drain into?
Into the internal jugular vein via the superior thyroid
Where does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?
Into the left brachiocephalic vein via the inferior thyroid vein
What structure does NOT receive sensory or motor innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
cricothyroid
What can happen as a consequence of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Hoarseness of voice or even loss of speech
What muscle controls the vocal cords?
cricothyroid muscle
Why is the left recurrent larangeal nerve at risk of thoracic disease but not the right?
The left recurrent larangeal nerve passes through the thorax.
The right recurrent larangeal nerve does not pass through the thorax
What are 4 side effects of damage to the sympathetic nerves to the head and neck?
- No sweating on the face
- droopy eye lid
- pupil will be constricted
- slightly withdrawn eye ball
What are the 2 functions of the extrinsic larangeal nerve?
Moving the larynx up and down when swallowing
–> important in swallowing
supports its central position
Where may you create an emergency airway?
Through the thyrocricoid cartilage
Why does the thyroid gland need a good blood supply?
Iodine is present in very low concentrations in the blood.
thyroid gland needs good blood supply to ensure delivery of iodine
Which structure can be compressed by an enlarged thyroid gland?
Trachea
What is the location of the parathyroid glands and how many are there?
Posterior thyroid gland
4
What is the name of the complete cartilage around the airways?
Cricoid cartilage
A patient may develop hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery, why?
The parathyroid glands may be removed accidentally.
This can cause acute hypoparathyroidism
What 3 structures are supplied by the superior larangeal nerve?
- Senstations inside the larynx
- Vocal cords
- cricothyroid muscle
What sensation is carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve?
taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Where is the location of the carotid sinus and what is its sensation?
Located on the origin of the internal carotid artery.
Blood pressure
Which part of the pharynx lie below the lower border of the mandible?
Hypopharynx
What structures lie immediately behind pharyngeal wall?
A thin layer of loose areolar tissue
And the cervical vertebral bodies
What structure stops liquid reflexing back into the nose when swallowing?
The soft pallette
Which nerve carries sensation from the larynx and blow the vocal cords?
Recurrent larangeal nerve
Which nerve travels through the parotid glands?
Facial nerve
Where does the parotid gland enter the mouth?
in the cheek adjacent to the 2nd premolar
Where does the submandibular duct enter the mouth?
under the tongue
Which nerve supplied the muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve
