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Anatomy (ME) > Larynx and Pharynx > Flashcards

Larynx and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

where does the thyroid gland start and end?

A

C3-C6

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2
Q

What is the midline of thyroid

A

isthmus

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3
Q

what tracheal rings does the isthmus lie over

A

trachea rings 2-4

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4
Q

What are the names of the thyroid arteries?

A

superior thyroid artery

inferior thyroid artery

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5
Q

where does the superior thyroid artery branch from?

A

external branch of carotid artery supplying superior thyroid artery

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6
Q

where do they thyroid arteries arise from?

A

thyrocervical artery branches to form inferior superior

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7
Q

What are 3 structures in the carotid sheets?

A

jugular vein
carotid artery
vagus nerve

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8
Q

where does the origin sternocleomastoid muscle

A

from the manubirum of the sternum and clavicle

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9
Q

Where is the insertion of sterocleomastoid muscle?

A

mastoid process located on the temporal bone

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10
Q

What is the innervation of superior part of thyroid?

A

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

What is the innervation of inferior part of thyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal branches

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12
Q

how many parathyroid glands?

A

4

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13
Q

Where do the parathyroid gland develop from

A

pharyngeal pouches

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14
Q

In thyroid surgery- what is like to be removed by accident?

A

parathyroid glands can result in hypocalceamia.

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of larynx?

A
  1. protection of lower respiratory tract.
  2. cough reflex
  3. produce sound
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16
Q

what is the epithelium produce the vocal and why important?

A

stratified squamous epithelium.

robust protects wear and tear

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17
Q

what is the blood supply to the pharynx

A

superior and inferior artery. branches of thyroid artery

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18
Q

recurrent larangeal supplies what of the larynx?

A

motor supply from external every muscle except cricothyriod muscle?

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19
Q

What is the sensory innervation to?

A

motor to everything in larnyx

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20
Q

What is another name for the adams apple?

A

laryngeal prominence

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21
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilage in the larynx

A

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid

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22
Q

connection for the cricoid to the hyoid is a what joint?

A

synovial joint

23
Q

What are the names of the 3 paired cartilage?

A

arytenoid
cuneiform
corniculate

24
Q

What do the arytenoid cartilages articulate with?

A

base articulates with the cricoid cartilages and the articulates corniicluate cartilage’s

25
Q

where are the cuneiform located?

A

ary-epliglottis folds.

26
Q

How many cartilages does the larynx have?

A

9 cartilages in total

3 paired (6)
3 unpaired
27
Q

What cover the larnyx anteriorly?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

28
Q

What is the lateral covering of the larnyx?

A

The lobes of the thyroid gland

29
Q

What vessels are involved in venous drainage of the larnyx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins

30
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal vein drain into?

A

Into the internal jugular vein via the superior thyroid

31
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?

A

Into the left brachiocephalic vein via the inferior thyroid vein

32
Q

What structure does NOT receive sensory or motor innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid

33
Q

What can happen as a consequence of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Hoarseness of voice or even loss of speech

34
Q

What muscle controls the vocal cords?

A

cricothyroid muscle

35
Q

Why is the left recurrent larangeal nerve at risk of thoracic disease but not the right?

A

The left recurrent larangeal nerve passes through the thorax.

The right recurrent larangeal nerve does not pass through the thorax

36
Q

What are 4 side effects of damage to the sympathetic nerves to the head and neck?

A
  1. No sweating on the face
  2. droopy eye lid
  3. pupil will be constricted
  4. slightly withdrawn eye ball
37
Q

What are the 2 functions of the extrinsic larangeal nerve?

A

Moving the larynx up and down when swallowing
–> important in swallowing

supports its central position

38
Q

Where may you create an emergency airway?

A

Through the thyrocricoid cartilage

39
Q

Why does the thyroid gland need a good blood supply?

A

Iodine is present in very low concentrations in the blood.

thyroid gland needs good blood supply to ensure delivery of iodine

40
Q

Which structure can be compressed by an enlarged thyroid gland?

A

Trachea

41
Q

What is the location of the parathyroid glands and how many are there?

A

Posterior thyroid gland

4

42
Q

What is the name of the complete cartilage around the airways?

A

Cricoid cartilage

43
Q

A patient may develop hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery, why?

A

The parathyroid glands may be removed accidentally.

This can cause acute hypoparathyroidism

44
Q

What 3 structures are supplied by the superior larangeal nerve?

A
  1. Senstations inside the larynx
  2. Vocal cords
  3. cricothyroid muscle
45
Q

What sensation is carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

46
Q

Where is the location of the carotid sinus and what is its sensation?

A

Located on the origin of the internal carotid artery.

Blood pressure

47
Q

Which part of the pharynx lie below the lower border of the mandible?

A

Hypopharynx

48
Q

What structures lie immediately behind pharyngeal wall?

A

A thin layer of loose areolar tissue

And the cervical vertebral bodies

49
Q

What structure stops liquid reflexing back into the nose when swallowing?

A

The soft pallette

50
Q

Which nerve carries sensation from the larynx and blow the vocal cords?

A

Recurrent larangeal nerve

51
Q

Which nerve travels through the parotid glands?

A

Facial nerve

52
Q

Where does the parotid gland enter the mouth?

A

in the cheek adjacent to the 2nd premolar

53
Q

Where does the submandibular duct enter the mouth?

A

under the tongue

54
Q

Which nerve supplied the muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

Anatomy (ME) (23 decks)

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