Larynx and Pharynx

Question 1

where does the thyroid gland start and end?

Answer 1

C3-C6

Question 2

What is the midline of thyroid

Answer 2

isthmus

Question 3

what tracheal rings does the isthmus lie over

Answer 3

trachea rings 2-4

Question 4

What are the names of the thyroid arteries?

Answer 4

superior thyroid artery

inferior thyroid artery

Question 5

where does the superior thyroid artery branch from?

Answer 5

external branch of carotid artery supplying superior thyroid artery

Question 6

where do they thyroid arteries arise from?

Answer 6

thyrocervical artery branches to form inferior superior

Question 7

What are 3 structures in the carotid sheets?

Answer 7

jugular vein
carotid artery
vagus nerve

Question 8

where does the origin sternocleomastoid muscle

Answer 8

from the manubirum of the sternum and clavicle

Question 9

Where is the insertion of sterocleomastoid muscle?

Answer 9

mastoid process located on the temporal bone

Question 10

What is the innervation of superior part of thyroid?

Answer 10

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 11

What is the innervation of inferior part of thyroid

Answer 11

recurrent laryngeal branches

Question 12

how many parathyroid glands?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Where do the parathyroid gland develop from

Answer 13

pharyngeal pouches

Question 14

In thyroid surgery- what is like to be removed by accident?

Answer 14

parathyroid glands can result in hypocalceamia.

Question 15

What are the 3 functions of larynx?

Answer 15

1. protection of lower respiratory tract.
2. cough reflex
3. produce sound

Question 16

what is the epithelium produce the vocal and why important?

Answer 16

stratified squamous epithelium.

robust protects wear and tear

Question 17

what is the blood supply to the pharynx

Answer 17

superior and inferior artery. branches of thyroid artery

Question 18

recurrent larangeal supplies what of the larynx?

Answer 18

motor supply from external every muscle except cricothyriod muscle?

Question 19

What is the sensory innervation to?

Answer 19

motor to everything in larnyx

Question 20

What is another name for the adams apple?

Answer 20

laryngeal prominence

Question 21

What are the 3 unpaired cartilage in the larynx

Answer 21

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid

Question 22

connection for the cricoid to the hyoid is a what joint?

Answer 22

synovial joint

Question 23

What are the names of the 3 paired cartilage?

Answer 23

arytenoid
cuneiform
corniculate

Question 24

What do the arytenoid cartilages articulate with?

Answer 24

base articulates with the cricoid cartilages and the articulates corniicluate cartilage’s

Question 25

where are the cuneiform located?

Answer 25

ary-epliglottis folds.

Question 26

How many cartilages does the larynx have?

Answer 26

9 cartilages in total ``` 3 paired (6) 3 unpaired ```

Question 27

What cover the larnyx anteriorly?

Answer 27

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 28

What is the lateral covering of the larnyx?

Answer 28

The lobes of the thyroid gland

Question 29

What vessels are involved in venous drainage of the larnyx?

Answer 29

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins

Question 30

Where does the superior laryngeal vein drain into?

Answer 30

Into the internal jugular vein via the superior thyroid

Question 31

Where does the inferior laryngeal vein drain into?

Answer 31

Into the left brachiocephalic vein via the inferior thyroid vein

Question 32

What structure does NOT receive sensory or motor innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 32

cricothyroid

Question 33

What can happen as a consequence of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 33

Hoarseness of voice or even loss of speech

Question 34

What muscle controls the vocal cords?

Answer 34

cricothyroid muscle

Question 35

Why is the left recurrent larangeal nerve at risk of thoracic disease but not the right?

Answer 35

The left recurrent larangeal nerve passes through the thorax. The right recurrent larangeal nerve does not pass through the thorax

Question 36

What are 4 side effects of damage to the sympathetic nerves to the head and neck?

Answer 36

1. No sweating on the face 2. droopy eye lid 3. pupil will be constricted 4. slightly withdrawn eye ball

Question 37

What are the 2 functions of the extrinsic larangeal nerve?

Answer 37

Moving the larynx up and down when swallowing --> important in swallowing supports its central position

Question 38

Where may you create an emergency airway?

Answer 38

Through the thyrocricoid cartilage

Question 39

Why does the thyroid gland need a good blood supply?

Answer 39

Iodine is present in very low concentrations in the blood. thyroid gland needs good blood supply to ensure delivery of iodine

Question 40

Which structure can be compressed by an enlarged thyroid gland?

Answer 40

Trachea

Question 41

What is the location of the parathyroid glands and how many are there?

Answer 41

Posterior thyroid gland 4

Question 42

What is the name of the complete cartilage around the airways?

Answer 42

Cricoid cartilage

Question 43

A patient may develop hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery, why?

Answer 43

The parathyroid glands may be removed accidentally. This can cause acute hypoparathyroidism

Question 44

What 3 structures are supplied by the superior larangeal nerve?

Answer 44

1. Senstations inside the larynx 2. Vocal cords 3. cricothyroid muscle

Question 45

What sensation is carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 45

taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 46

Where is the location of the carotid sinus and what is its sensation?

Answer 46

Located on the origin of the internal carotid artery. Blood pressure

Question 47

Which part of the pharynx lie below the lower border of the mandible?

Answer 47

Hypopharynx

Question 48

What structures lie immediately behind pharyngeal wall?

Answer 48

A thin layer of loose areolar tissue And the cervical vertebral bodies

Question 49

What structure stops liquid reflexing back into the nose when swallowing?

Answer 49

The soft pallette

Question 50

Which nerve carries sensation from the larynx and blow the vocal cords?

Answer 50

Recurrent larangeal nerve

Question 51

Which nerve travels through the parotid glands?

Answer 51

Facial nerve

Question 52

Where does the parotid gland enter the mouth?

Answer 52

in the cheek adjacent to the 2nd premolar

Question 53

Where does the submandibular duct enter the mouth?

Answer 53

under the tongue

Question 54

Which nerve supplied the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 54

Hypoglossal nerve