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Respiratory system SA > Ventilation Control > Flashcards

Ventilation Control Flashcards

1
Q

What stimulation does ventilation control need for inspiration

A

stimulation of skeletal muscle

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2
Q

What two nerves stimulate skeletal muscle

A

Phrenic

Intercostal

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3
Q

What does the phrenic nerve supply

A

the diaphragm

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4
Q

What are the two respiratory centres in the brain

A

Pons and medulla

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5
Q

What is ventilation control dependent on

A

signals from the brain

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6
Q

What would happen if the spinal chord was severed above c3 - c5

A

breathing would cease

As supply the diaphragm

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7
Q

What does dorsal respiratory group control

A

muscles of inspiration contractions

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8
Q

What does the ventral respiratory group control

A

Muscles of expiration and some inspiratory to pharynx, larynx and tonuge

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9
Q

What does the ventral respiratory do to the pharynx, larynx and tongue

A

maintain the tone of the muscle to ensure patency

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10
Q

What is the function of the respiratory centres

A

set automatic rhythm of breathing

adjust the rhythm in response to a stimuli

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11
Q

What is the automatic rhythm of breathing co-ordinated by

A

firing of smooth muscle

Action potential in then dorsal respiratory group

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12
Q

What four factors can modulate the rhythm of breathing

A

Emotion
Voluntary override
Mechano sensory input from the thorax
Chemical composition of the blood

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13
Q

Where does emotion come from

A

Via the limbic system in the brain

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14
Q

When does the mechno sensory input from the thorax

A

as a safety mechanism performs a stretch reflex to prevent over inflamation from the lungs

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15
Q

What makes up the chemical composition in the blood

A

CO2, pH, and O2

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16
Q

What detects chemical composition

A

chemoreceptors

17
Q

What is the most significant input in altering the rhythm of breathing

A

chemical composition

18
Q

Where is the central chemoreceptors located

A

In the medula

19
Q

Where is the peripheral chemoreceptors located

A

carotid (neck) and aortic bodies

20
Q

What out out of the two receptors is the primary ventilation drive

A

Central

21
Q

What does central chemoreceptors respond directly to?

A

CO2 increasing [H+] in the CSF around the brain

22
Q

What triggers the raised [H+] levels in the CSF

A

raised PCO2 levels crossing across the blood brain barrier increasing the CSF [H+] levels

23
Q

Why cant CO2 directly cross the blood brain barrier

A

its impermeable

24
Q

How much does a 10% increase in PCO2 levels increase minute ventilation, and why is this

A

100%
The body is extremely sensitive to CO2
Linear relationship

25
Q

When arterial PCO2 drops what happens to the CSF [H+]

A

decreases - HYPERVENTILATION

26
Q

What do the peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A

the H+ in the plasma and PO2

27
Q

When will peripheral chemoreceptors be stimulated

A

When PO2 levels fall below 60mmHg - hypoxic drive

28
Q

When is peripheral chemoreceptors more commonly stimulated

A

In people with a hypoxic drive

29
Q

How does H+ increase, increase ventilation

A

as H+ increase is accompanied by an increase in PCO2 (equation swings left)

30
Q

Can you override involuntary stimuli such as arterial PCO2?

A

No

31
Q

What are examples of ways you can control your breathing in voluntary override

A

Breath holding
hyperventilation
Breathing in high levels of CO2

32
Q

What is the result of breathing in high levels of CO2

A

increase PCO2, Partial pressure of CO2 has a small gradient therefore the overall partial pressure gradient is imparied

33
Q

What neural pathway allows a control over breathing

A

cerbral cortex to respiratoty motor neurons

34
Q

When in breathing inhibited

A

when swallowing to avoid aspiration of food

35
Q

Why do you expire after you swallow

A

to dislodge any food particles

36
Q

What is the affect of Barbiturates and opiods, gaseous anaesthetics have on the respiratory system (e.g. NO2)

A 
depress peripheral chemoreceptors 
breath shallower (decrease tidal volume) 
and faster (increase respiratory rate)
37
Q

When would nitrous oxide cause you problems

A

if you are having an hypoxic drive -already low on oxygen

38
Q

When does the central pathway no longer become you primary drive

A

when you experience type 2 reparatory failure

39
Q

Why wouldnt you give pure oxygen to someone on hypoxic drive

A

as Oxygen needs have been satisfied and you stop breathing, retaining CO2 then ya die

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

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