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Respiratory system SA > Embryology (fertilisation, week 1 -2) > Flashcards

Embryology (fertilisation, week 1 -2) Flashcards

1
Q

How many sperm are allowed to penetrate the ovum

A

one

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2
Q

What is the products of oogensesis meiosis

A

1 ovum and 3 polar podies (X)

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3
Q

What is the product of spermogeneis meiosis

A

4 sperm bodies ( X/Y)

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4
Q

What is the first cell of the body

A

zygote

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5
Q

What fuses between the egg and the sperm

A

The pronucleases

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6
Q

What enters the ovum when the sperms pronucleus fuses

A

the sperms genetic material, everything else is left behind

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7
Q

Is mitochondiral cell organelles inherited by the paternal or maternal

A

Maternal

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8
Q

what is an example of a maternal mitochondrial inherited condition

A

Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy - blindness

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9
Q

What are the two processes that occur in week 1

A

The zygote divides to from a blastocyte

The zygote moves through the uterine tubes to the uterine cavity

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10
Q

The zygote divides by mitotsis forming a ball of cells called what?

A

morula

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11
Q

The central core of the mass of cells becomes harder forming a cavity through, what is this cavity called

A

blastolytic cavity

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12
Q

What is the cells that from the outer layer of the morula called

A

trophoblast

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13
Q

Where is the inner cell mass found in the morula

A

The cells that are accumulating at one end of the cell

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14
Q

The ovary releases the ovum and fertilisation occurs in the uterine tubes, what feature of the uterine tubes than allows the transport of the zygote to the uterine cavity

A

They have cillated epithelium to push zygote through uterine tube and into uterine cavity

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15
Q

When and where should the blastocyte be formed by

A

around 5-6 days when it reaches the uterine cavity

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16
Q

How long is the first division of the zygote to from the balstocyte

A

36 hours

17
Q

What happens to the division time as it continues moving through the uterine tubes

A

Successful division take less time

18
Q

What should the blastocyte be ready to do when it reaches the uterine cavity

A

ready for implantation

19
Q

What hormones prepare the body form implantation

A

Progesterone and oestrogen produced by the ovary

20
Q

Due to what circumstance can ectopic pregnancy occur

A

cilia function is abnormal, so zygote implants in the uterine tubes rather than the uterine cavity, leading to a failure in the pregnancy as the uterine tube cant support it

21
Q

What is the differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twins

A 
mono = 1 zygote, share placenta, genetically identical 
Di = 2 zygotes, different placentas, not genetically identical
22
Q

Where does implantation occur in the uterine cavity

A

in the endometrium layer

23
Q

By what day does the blastocyte burrow into the endomtetium

A

day 7

24
Q

The trophoblast divides to from 2 layers called what

A

Chrorion

25
Q

What does the chorion chronic villi allow the trophoblast to do

A

Helps the implantation into the endometrium

26
Q

What does the chronic vili of the trophoblast then go on to become for the embryo

A

the placenta

27
Q

What is the part of the endometrium called which hold the burrowed blastocyte

A

Decidua

28
Q

When the blastocyes implants in the endometrium these is an increase in blood vessels surrounding the chorion what are these blood vessels called

A

decidua basalis

29
Q

What hormone does the chorion secrete and what is its function

A

secretes hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin HCG

prevents endometrium sheding by infoming ovary to keep producing oestrogen and progesterone

30
Q

What hormone is used to detect pregnancy

A

HCG

31
Q

HCG levels increase until what week

A

12 weeks gestation

32
Q

Are the chorion villi in contact with the maternal blood?

A

No, passage of nutrients occurs by diffusion

33
Q

What is the main functions of the placenta

A

Foetal nourishment
inspirit of waste and gas
immune protection

34
Q

How long does it take the placenta to mature

A

18 - 20 weeks

35
Q

Where is the two surfaces of the placenta facing and what are they like?

A

maternal - desidua basalis (rough)

foetus - amniotic membrane attaching to the end of umbilicus chord (smooth)

36
Q

What does the inner cell mass go on to from

A

Bilaminar disc

37
Q

What two layers are divided by the bilaminar disc

A

the epiblast and the hypoblast

38
Q

What cavity sits above the epiblast

A

the amniotic cavity (where the embryo develops)

39
Q

What cavity sits below the hypoblast

A

Yolk sac

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

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