Non lung cancer and thoracic surgery Flashcards
What is the causes of lung abscess
Aspiration - inhalation of foreign body
Pneumonia
Pulmonary thromembolism
Lung cancer
Septic emboli
What is the the tow pathophyisology of abscess
Collection of pus that will either resolve via the immune system and cause formation of scar tissue
or
Collection of pus goes to the surface rupturing into the pleural space
What is the symptoms of a lung abscess if it ruptures
Acute pain
Patient can cough up pus
What is bad smelling pus an indication of
anaerobic bacteria
What is the treatment for a lung abscess
Drain
What is sued to investigate is pus is located elsewhere
Ultrasound
What is the causes of empyema in the thorax
Post pneumonic
Post-operative
Oesophageal (dis-cordinated vomit eosopahgeal blows up and ruptures going through pleural cavity)
Upper abdominal related
Osteomyelitis
Post-traumatic
What is the affect of empyema on the lung
Creates a trapped lung, therefore lung cannot expand due to fibrous visceral pleura
What is a pleuroectomy and decortication
an operation to expand the lung by remove the thickened pleura by selectively peeling
What is obvious outcome occurring with pleurectomy
bleeding
Name 5 different types of thymus tumours
Thymoma Thymolipoma Thymic carcinoma Carcinoid tumours of the thymus Lymphoma
Name 7 different benign lung tumours
Hamartoma Fibroma Lipoma Neural tumours Papillomas Chondroma (Carcinoid)
Why is it wise to remove the benign tumours
As they can easily push into the lung, heart etc and cause great difficulty
What is intrathorasic neurofibroma, and what can it cause
Tumour of the myelin sheath, associated with hypertension and compress the spinal cord and cause paraplegia
What is the carrying definitions of pneumothorax
Primary vs secondary
Recurrent vs Persistent
Open - hole in the chest wall greater than tracheal diameter
Tension - air escapes into the lung cavity and compresses causing a mediastinum shift
Define Bullous Lung Disease
characterized by the presence of one or several abnormally large air spaces surrounded by relatively normal lung tissue.
What is the indications for surgery in pneumothorax
recurrence
persistence
One episode but dependant on patients occupation
What is the surgical options for pneumothorax
Pleurodesis
Pleurectomy - remove part of the pleura
What occurs in Pleurodesis
Pleurodesis is a procedure that is designed to get the 2 layers of the lung lining (the pleura) to stick together. This works to obliterate the space between the layers (the pleural cavity) so that fluid (water, blood, or pus) can no longer build up between the layers.
What is the two types of pleurodesis
Mechanical pleurodesis - causes inflammation and scarring by mechanically rubbing the parietal pleura with gauze.
Chemical pleurodesis -involves injecting a chemical (most often talc) between the pleural membranes to create inflammation and scarring (fibrosis.)
What is a bronchogenic cysts
congenital malformations of the bronchial tree that can present as a mediastinal mass that may enlarge and cause local compression
How do symptoms occur due to bronchogenic cysts
pressing on the trachea or oesophagus
What is the three most important conditions needing lung transplantation
Cystic Fibrosis (associated with bronchiectasis)
Pulmonary fibrosis
Emphysema
What is the conditions that must be meet for lung transplantation
Age < 65 years Not overweight Not diabetic No renal failure No mental illness Good social support
