Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory system SA > Management of COPD > Flashcards

Management of COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What causes airflow obstruction in COPD

A

chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes the hyperinflamation in COPD

A

emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes the mucous build up and what does this rest in

A

Goblet cells - block the airways and reduce air flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main difference between COPD and asthma

A

COPD is irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the affect of emphysema

A

alveoli walls loose elasticity (damaged)

trap air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the symptoms of COPD

A

Breathlessness - due to airway obstruction

Cough (recurrent chest infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the further problems caused by the affects and living with COPD

A

Loss of muscle mass -exercise capacity bad
Weight loss
cardiac disease - puts a strain on the heart
depression/anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is hyperinflation caused by COPD

A

the loss of elasticity causes the chest wall to recoil and push out, also the alveoli wall gas exchange cause the diaphragm to be pushed down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is COPD diagnosed

A

Relevant clinical history
Examination - Clinical signs
Spirometry Tests - confirm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the signs and relevant history for COPD

A 
– Chronic Cough
– Exertional Breathlessness
– Sputum production
– Frequent “Winter” Bronchitis 
– Wheeze / chest tightness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are signs of COPD upon examination

A

reduced chest exspansion
Listen to hear wheeze
Hyperinflated chest
Signs of respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are signs of respiratory failure

A
  • Tachypneoa - rapid breathing
  • Cyanosis - discoloured skin due to deoxygenation
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Peripheral Oedema - swelling in ankles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do spirometry test allow

A

To confirm diagnosis

asses severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does spirometry measure

A

The FEV1/FVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What value on the spirometry test predicts COPD to be extremely severe

A

<30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What base line test are carried out in the diagnosis of COPD

A 
ECG - check the heart
Xray - check hyperinflation  
• Full blood count 
• BMI - weight (kg)/height
• AIAT- If age of onset < 50 years
Sputum microscopy
17
Q

Why is a full blood count measured

A

As anaemia can also cause breathlessnes - rule out other possibilities

18
Q

What two things does spirometry measure

A

records absolute and predicted value

19
Q

What is the aims in the management of COPD

A

improve quality of life
prevent progressiveness
manage complications

20
Q

What intervention prevents worsening of COPD

A

stop smoking - cant reverse but will stop progression

21
Q

What is examples of non pharmaceutical management

A 
Flu vaccinations - as are more prone 
Stop smoking 
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Nutritional assessment
Psychological support
22
Q

Why is Psychological support useful?

A

panic of not being able to breath makes you breath less, therefore you need to overcome this

23
Q

What is pulmonary rehabilitation

A

Support and uses exercise and nutrition to improve health

24
Q

What is the benefits of pharmacological management

A

– Relieve symptoms
– Prevent exacerbations
– Improve quality of life

25
Q

What is the three different version of inhaler therapy

A

Short acing bronchiodilators
Long acting bronchiodilators
High dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and LABA

26
Q

What is examples of Short acing bronchiodilators

A

– SABA (eg- Salbutamol)

– SAMA (eg- Ipratropium)

27
Q

What is the two types of Long acting bronchiodilators

A

Long acting anti – muscarinic agents ( Umeclidinium, Tioptropium)
Long acting B2 agonist (Salmeterol)

28
Q

What is two examples of High dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and LABA

A

– Relvar (Fluticasone/vilanterol)

– Fostair MDI

29
Q

What is the conditions if triple therapy is required in treating COPD

A

worsening FEV1

Increasing symptoms and exasperation

30
Q

Why is a Flue vaccinations offered to those patients with COPD

A

As are more prone to the FLU

31
Q

When is on term oxygen therapy offered in relation to COPD

A 
Patients with hypoxia PaO2 <7.3kPa
Or have the following conditions:
polycythaemia 
nocturnal hypoxia
peripheral oedema 
pulmonary hypertension
32
Q

What are the symptoms of COPD exasperation

A 
• Increasing breathlessness 
• Cough
• Sputum volume
• Sputum purulence • Wheeze
• Chest tightness
33
Q

How is COPD exasperation managed

A

Short acting bronchodilators
Steriods
Antibiotics
Hospital admission

34
Q

What are example of when hospital admission would be considered

A

– Tachypneoa
– Low Oxygen saturation (< 90-92%)
– Hypotension

35
Q

What steroids are used for COPD exasperation

A

Prednisolone 40 mg per day for 5-7 days

36
Q

What do you use for acute respiratory failure

A

Non – Invasive ventilation (NIV)

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions