Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory system SA > Introduction and anatomy of lungs, airways and blood supply > Flashcards

Introduction and anatomy of lungs, airways and blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four functions of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange – Oxygen added to the blood from the air, carbon dioxide removed from the blood into the air.
Acid base balance – regulation of body pH
Protection from infection
Communication via speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pH of the acid base balance maintained by the respiratory system

A

pH 7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What mechanism of the nose protects you from infection

A

Its in contact with the external environment, and is lined with lymphoid tissue which scan particles coming in
Mucous production traps particles
Cila present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cilla

A

pseustratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the respiratory system allow communication

A

When expiring the air over vocal chords causes vibration which are then refined to make words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the significance of gas exchange

A

The oxygen gained allows ATP generation

removes CO2 as the waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For external respiration to occur what is needed?

A

The integration of the cardiovascular system with the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of the two circulation involved in external respiration

A

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of the systemic circulation and where does it take place?

A

Takes place in the capillaries, picking CO2 up from the blood and taking it to the lungs, while delivering oxygen to the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation rich in

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation

A

Deliver CO2 to the lungs from the blood and pick up oxygen from the lungs and take it to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What takes the deoxygenated blood away from the heart and why is this so unusual

A

Pulmonary artery

Only artery in the body to cary deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What takes the oxygenated blood to the heart

A

pulmonary vien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does pulmonary circulation in the respiratory tract occur and why there?

A

The alveoli, due to the thinnest of the walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What affect does exercise have on the circulation and what does this result in?

A

An increase in the rate and depth of breathing speeds
Heart rate and force contraction speed up
A greater volume of oxygen being delivered quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define steady state

A

net volume of oxygen exchanged in lungs per unit of time equal to volume exchanged in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the average breathing rate

A

10-20 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is it important to maintain gas levels

A

For blood concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is present in the upper respiratory tract and what is its purpose

A 
nasal cavity 
pharynx 
epiglotis 
Layrnx 
CONDUCTING SYSTEM
20
Q

What is present in the lower respiratory tract and what is its purpose

A

Trachea
Bronchus
Lungs
WHERE GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS

21
Q

What part of the reparatory system is shared with the digestive system

A

pharynx

22
Q

What prevents food molecules entering respiratory tract and where is it located

A

epiglotis folds over trachea

23
Q

What points upwards and contains your vocal chords

A

Larynx

24
Q

Why is the nose more effective than the mouth for breathing

A

Is more comfortable as the noise moistens and warms the air

25
Q

What has less air resistance the mouth or the nose

A

The mouth

26
Q

What lines the respiratory tract

A 
Epithelium 
Glands 
Lymph nodes 
Blood vessels 
Cilla 
Mucous
27
Q

What is the purpose of mucous

A

Moistens air
Traps particles
Provides large surface for cilla to act on

28
Q

What cells is mucous produced from and what type of cells are they?

A

Goblet cells - subepithelial glands

29
Q

**Where does the alveoli receive its blood supply from

A

pulmonary artery

30
Q

What feature of the alveoli allows efficient gas exchange

A

thin membrane

31
Q

What cells are present in the alveoli

A

Type 1 pneumocytes
Type 2 pnuemocytes
Macrophages

32
Q

What is the function of Type 1 pneumocytes and what type of cells are they

A

Gas exchange

simple squamous epithelium

33
Q

What is the function of Type 2 pnuemocytes

A

Reduce the work of breathing by reducing surface tension at alveolar surface by the production of surfactant

34
Q

Is elastic fibres present in the alveoli

A

Yes

35
Q

Is smooth muscle present in the alveoli

A

No

36
Q

Where does air move from the trachea

A

to the left and right bronchus inside the lung

37
Q

Where does the bronchi terminate

A

at the alveoli

38
Q

What are the steps in the progression of the bronchi branch

A

epithelium becomes more squamous
The diameter decreases
Mucous cells decrease - absent in the alveoli
Cilla cells decrease - absent in the alveoli (last thing to disappear)

39
Q

What happens to the resistance in the bronchi branch progresses to the alveoli?

A

upper respiratory has a wider diameter but even though the diameter decreases there is more pathways available for the gas, therefore less gas particles per route, decreasing the resistance

40
Q

What effect does contracting smooth muscle have on the respiratory tract

A

decreases diameter therefore increases resistance

41
Q

What is it called when the trachea splits into the two bronchi

A

Bifurcation

42
Q

What is different about the right branching to the left branching of the bronchus

A

Right bronchus is larger and greater in width

The right bronchus also follows on to further branch into 3 bronchi compared to the left which branches into a further 2

43
Q

What bronchi are foreign bodies more likely to be trapped into

A

Right

44
Q

Typical values of gas exchanged at the lungs are:

A

250ml Oxygen and 200ml Carbon dioxide per minute

45
Q

The first airways to lose their cartilaginous rings are the

A

Upper bronchioles

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions