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Respiratory system SA > Clinical features of restrictive lung disease > Flashcards

Clinical features of restrictive lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 5 places that causes of restrictive lung diseases

A 
Intersisitnal lung disease 
Pleural diseases
Muscular and nerves 
Bones 
Sub diaphramatic
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2
Q

What is the definition of restriction

A

forced vital capacity <80% of the predicted normal

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3
Q

What is three examples of pleural diseases that result in restricting of the lung

A

Pleural thickening
Pleural effusion
pneumothorax

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4
Q

What is the possible aetiologies of pleural thickening

A

Long term inhalation of asbestos

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5
Q

What is examples of bone conditions causing restriction

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Kyphoscoliosis
Thoracoplasty
Rib fractures

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6
Q

What is Ankylosing spondylitis

A

a type of arthritis in which there is long term inflammation of the joints of the spine

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7
Q

What was the cause behind Thoracoplasty

A

an operation to collapse down aerobic cavity to allow body immune system to fight of TB

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8
Q

What is examples of sub diaphragmatic lung restrictions

A

Pregnancy

Obesity

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9
Q

What is an example of a nerves muscle conditions that reduces lungs compliance and how

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

muscle pump driving the lungs isn’t working

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10
Q

When lungs causes restrictiveness its due to intestinal lung disease, what is the pathology of this?

A

thickening of interstitium

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11
Q

What is 3 examples of intestinal lung disease

A

sarcoidosis
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Interstitial pneumonitis
response

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12
Q

How can you define sarcoidosis from TB

A

non caseating granuloma

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13
Q

Where do the granulomas in sarcoidosis usually migrate to

A

scar tissue

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14
Q

Where is sarcoidosis most likely to affect

A

the lymph, lungs and skin

- less likely eyes

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15
Q

What is the investigations for sarcoidosis

A 
Chest X ray 
Pulmonary function test 
blood test 
eye exam 
TB test 
Bronchoscopy 
ECG 
CT scan
calcium serum levels
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16
Q

What can be seen at the different stages of a chest x ray in sarcoidosis

A

Stage 0 is a normal chest radiograph
Stage I is lymphadenopathy only
Stage II is lymphadenopathy and lung parenchymal disease
Stage III is parenchymal lung disease only
Stage IV is pulmonary fibrosis

17
Q

What can be seen on a bronchoscopy for a patient with sarcoidosis

A

see white patches with a cobble stone appearance

18
Q

What surgery is useful in diagnosing sarcoidosis and why

A

mediastinoscopy - pull out a lymph node with granulomas

video assisted thorascopic lung biopsy

19
Q

What is prescribed for the symptoms of Erythema nodosum and arthralgia
(skin inflammation and pain in the joints)

A

NSAIDS

20
Q

When no vital organs are involved in sarcoidosis what is the treatment

A

No treatment, just keep a careful observation

21
Q

When would topical steroid be prescribed in the case of sarcoidosis

A

when you have the symptoms of skin lesions, cough

22
Q

When would systemic steroids be prescribed in the case of sarcoidosis

A

Cardiac, neurological, eye disease not responding to topical steroids
or hypercalcaemia

23
Q

What are example of the 10-20% possible chance of pulmonary complications sarcoidosis

A

Progressive respiratory failure
Bronchiectasis
Aspergilloma, haemoptysis, pneumothorax

24
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

progressive decline in lung function due to scarring of lung tissue - worsening dyspnea

25
Q

What investigations are used for pulmonary fibrosis

A

Chest x ray

CT

26
Q

What is the appearance of pulmonary fibrosis on a chest Xray

A

Fuzzy appearance

smaller lung volume

27
Q

What is the appearance of pulmonary fibrosis on a CT scan

A

Cloudy and white stuff around the edges

28
Q

What is the treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis

A

Palliative care - for the old and frail
Prescribe oral anti fibrotic
Surgery - transplant (must meet certain criteria)

29
Q

What are the two oral anti fibrotic and what is there function

A

Pirfenidone and Nintedanib

Dont cure, but half the rate of progression

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

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