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Respiratory system SA > Embryology (week 3, week 4-8, and abnormal development) > Flashcards

Embryology (week 3, week 4-8, and abnormal development) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formation of the germ layer called

A

Gastrulation

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2
Q

Where is the primitive streak found

A

formed in the midline of the epiblast by the invagination of cells

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3
Q

When can the axis of the embryo be determined

A

by the formation of the primitive streak

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4
Q

The epiblast cells displace to between the hypoblast around day 15 and from what

A

a trilaminar disc - specialised germ layers

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5
Q

What is the three layers of the trilaminar disc

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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6
Q

What is NEURULATION

A

neural tube formation

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7
Q

What is the formation of the notochord

A

Cells sink down from primitive streak in the ectoderm and sit below the mesoderm

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8
Q

What does the notochord induce and how?

A

The formation of the neural tube
sends signal up for the ectoderm to thicken forming a neural plate, the neural plate then sink down forming a neural tube

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9
Q

What induces the mesoderm to thicken

A

the neural tube

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10
Q

What three parts does the mesoderm separate into

in order of the closest to the neural tube to the furthest away

A

Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate plate mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm

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11
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm segment to from

A

somites

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12
Q

What does the intermediate plate mesoderm go on the develop

A

urogenetial system (reproductive and urinary)

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13
Q

The lateral plate mesoderm splits to from what

A

somatic mesoderm

splanchnic mesoderm

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14
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm go on to develop

A

The body cavities
The pleura
The peritoneum - forms the lining of the abdominal cavity

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15
Q

What is the space between the splanchnic and the somatic mesoderm in the later plate called

A

intraembryonic coelom

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16
Q

What is the 4th - 8th week of development called

A

Organogenetic period

17
Q

What days does the heart start to beat

A

day 24

18
Q

How many pairs of somities from from the paraxial mesoderm

A

43

19
Q

Where does gut formation occur

A

the endoderm

20
Q

During what period does limbs bud and the neck from

A

Organogenetic period

21
Q

What further development happens to the neural tube during the Organogenetic period

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord development

22
Q

What surrounds the mesoderm

A

the ectoderm

23
Q

The lateral plate mesoderms splits to from the splanchnic and somatic mesoderm what membranes do these form
Therefore what is the intraembryonic coelom space inbetween the membranes formed

A

Splanchnic - viscera pleura
somatic -parietal pleura

intraembryonic coelom - the pleural cavity

24
Q

What do the somites divide further into 3 parts

A

Dermatome
Myotome
Sclerotome

25
Q

What does the dermatome develop into

A

the dermis of the skin

26
Q

what does the myotome develop into

A

the muscles of the body

27
Q

what does the Sclerotome develop into

A

the bones and vertebra of the body

28
Q

What cavity surround the entire embryo

A

the amniotic cavity

29
Q

What initially provides nourishment while the placenta matures and is fully formed

A

the yolk sac

30
Q

What surround the embryo in the amniotic sac

A

nutrients

31
Q

What is Teratology

A

study of when things go wrong during development

32
Q

what are environmental factors that cause abnormal development called

A

teratogens

33
Q

What are the causes of abnormal development

A 
Drugs 
tobacco 
radiation  
alcohol 
infectious agents

ALSO
Genetic factors - structural or numerical
increased mothers age

34
Q

How do these factors affect foetus development

A

as transfer through the placenta from the mother to the foetus

35
Q

What is the risk of teratogens depend on

A

The time of the exposure - e.g. critical development
the dosage of substance
the embryos susceptibility

36
Q

What period week has the greatest risk of teratogens and why

A

weeks 3 - 8

period of greatest sensitivity as this the most crucial development point

37
Q

what time period has low effect of teratogens but has the highest risk of death

A

week 1 - 2

38
Q

how can malformations be diagnosed prenatal

A

Blood
ultrasound
amniocentesis

39
Q

What is the main thing that happens week 4 in the development of the foetus

A

folding of the embryo

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

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