Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory system SA > Pulmonary vascular disease > Flashcards

Pulmonary vascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is two examples of pulmonary vascular diseases

A

Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot traveling from one part of the body to antother part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pulmonary embolism medically treated with

A

anti coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the blood clot lodge in a pulmonary embolism

A

Peripheral pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major risk factors of pulmonary embolism

A

Recent major trauma
Recent surgery
Cancer
Significant cardiopulmonary disease e.g. MI
Pregnancy
Inherited thrombophilia e.g Factor V Leiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is thrombophilia

A

A genetic disorder that means you have a predisposition to blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can surgery cause blood clotting

A

In bed after operation, immobility results in clot

Surgery stimulates blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms of small blood clots to the lungs

A

Pleuritic chest pain

Cough and haemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define pleuritic chest pain

A

burning or dull pain in the right or the left side of the heart during breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Isolated acute dyspnoea, and what causes this in a pulmonary embolism

A

Difficulty in breathing, caused by the blood being ventilated but not perfused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In a massive pulmonary embolism what is the symptom

A

Cardiac arrest

syncope - loss of consciences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the signs of a small pulmonary embolism

A

Pleural rub - scrunching sound
Pleural effusion - fluid around the lung
Pyrexia - increased temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the signs of a major pulmonary embolism

A

Tachycardia - increased heart rate
hypotension - low BP
tachypnoea - rapid breathing
hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can you test the probability that someone has a pulmonary embolism

A

Symptoms and signs present
Previous history
Has risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the different investigations to diagnose pulmonary embolism

A 
Full blood count, biochemistry, blood gases
Chest X-Ray
ECG
D-dimer
CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA)
V/Q scan
Echocardiography
Consider CT abdomen and mammography
Consider thrombophilia testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of a D-dimer test?

A

D-dimer is the product of blood clotting, if D-dimer is negative means unlikely have pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a V/Q scan show

A

The ventilation and perfusion in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does an ECG measure and what is it checking for?

A

Heart rhythms, checking for tachycardia

19
Q

When is a Echocardiography taken?

A

When a large pulmonary embolism is suspected

20
Q

Why would a CT abdomen and mammogram be taken

A

to rule out any other possibilities e.g. cancer

21
Q

For the prognosis what factors need to be taken into account

A

How many disease and conditions you have
the state of your health
Age
Sex

22
Q

What tablets are given to treat pulmonary embolism

A

antocoagulants:
Warfarin
apixaban
rivaroxaban

23
Q

What treatment is given to treat major pulmonary embolism

A

thrombolysis

24
Q

What works immediately to relive a pulmonary embolism

A

oxygen

25
Q

What treatment is Pulmonary Embolectomy

A

A cardiac surgeon opening up and removing embolism

26
Q

What is the definition for pulmonary hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arterial tree

27
Q

What arterial pressure above is counted as hypertension

A

> 25mmHg

28
Q

What is characteristics of primary hypertension

A

Rare
Common amount young groups
rapid and progressive if left untreated

29
Q

What is the characteristics of secondary hypertension

A

Stems from other conditions
Common in older age group
More common

30
Q

What can arise from left heart disease

A

pulmonar venous hypertension

31
Q

What are causes of pulmonary hypertension

A

idiopathic - spontaneous

secondary:

chronic repiratory disease
 left heart disease 
collagen vascular disease
portal hypertension
congenital heart disease (L to R shunt)
HIV infection
 chronic thromboembolic
32
Q

What is chronic thromboembolic

A

A pulmonary hypertension caused by blockages in the blood vessels to the lungs due to scar tissue. The scars are the result of blood clots that the body has not properly cleared

33
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension

A

Chest tightness
Exertional presyncope - feeling light headed (blacking out)
Exertional dyspnoea - shortness of breathe on exertion

34
Q

What are signs of pulmonary hypertension

A 
Elevated jugular venous pressure 
Right ventricular heave
Loud pulmonary second heart sound
Hepatomegaly (congested liver) 
Ankle oedema
35
Q

What are the two signs that show advanced pulmonary hypertension

A

Hepatomegaly

Ankle oedema

36
Q

What investigation are used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension

A 
ECG
Lung function tests
Chest X-Ray
Echocariography
V/Q scan
CTPA
Right heart catheterisation
37
Q

What does a tricuspid valve leaks allow us to measure

A

an indirect measurement to estimate pulmonary artery pressure

38
Q

What does a Echocardiography allow measurement of

A

Direct pulmonary artery pressure

Indirect pressure on the capillaries

39
Q

What does a right-heart catheterization measure

A

how well or poorly your heart is pumping, and to measure the pressures in your heart and lungs

40
Q

Where is catheter passed in a right-heart catheterization

A

Pulmonary artery

41
Q

What else does a right-heart catheterization allow indirect measurement of

A

measurement of wedge pressure

measurement of cardiac output

42
Q

What is the general treatment of pulmonary hypertension

A 
Treat underlying condition
Oxygen
Anticoagulation
Diuretics
Lung or heart transplant 
Thromoendarterectomy - specialised surgery
43
Q

What is specific anticoagulant and diuretics treatments for pulmonary hypertension

A 
Calcium channel antagonist e.g. amlodipine
Prostacyclin
Endothelin receptor antagonists:
bosentan
ambrisentan
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors:
sildenafil
tadalafil

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions