Ventilation and compliance

Question 1

Define tidal volume

Answer 1

the air displaced between inspiration and expiration (500ml)

Question 2

Define the anatomical dead space

Answer 2

150 mL and is the volume of gas occupied by the conducting airways and this gas is not available for exchange.

Question 3

Define the reserve volume

Answer 3

expiratory - maximum breathed out (3000ml > TV)
Inspiratory - maximum breathed in (1100ml > TV)
Basically vital capacity reached

Question 4

Define residual volume

Answer 4

The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration - air is always present in the lungs

Question 5

Why is residual volume important

Answer 5

• stops alveoli collapsing, as a partially inflated alveoli is way more efficient and easier for alveoli to be fully inflated again
• constant air pressure allows gas exchange to constantly occur

Question 6

Define Vital capacity

Answer 6

maximum air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum expiration following maximum inspiration

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume.

Question 7

Define total lung capacity

Answer 7

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume.

Question 8

Define Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 8

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.

Question 9

Define functional residual capacity

Answer 9

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume.

Question 10

What does the functional residual capacity prevent

Answer 10

Lung collapsing

Question 11

What does FEV1 stand for?

Answer 11

Forced Expired Volume in 1 second

Question 12

What does FEV1:FVC stand for?

Answer 12

Fraction of Forced Vital Capacity expired in 1 second.

Question 13

What are the two types of ventilation

Answer 13

pulmonary ventilation

alveolar ventilation

Question 14

Define pulmonary ventilation

Answer 14

total air movement into/out of the lungs

Question 15

Define alveolar ventilation

Answer 15

fresh air getting to alveoli, available for gas exchange

Question 16

What percentage of air reaches the alveoli and why

Answer 16

70% as its tidal volume minus the dead space

Question 17

How do you calculate the alveolar ventilation

Answer 17

The amount of air that reaches the alveoli times the respiratory rate

Question 18

Define partial pressure

Answer 18

The pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

Question 19

What affects partial pressure of oxygen and CO2

Answer 19

Hypo and hyper ventilation

Question 20

What happens to the tidal volume when the respiratory rate increases

Answer 20

Decreases - hypoventilation

Question 21

What remains the same no matter if you are hypo or hyper ventilating

Answer 21

total pulmonary ventilation - still going to inspire and expire the same out of air - 6000ml

Question 22

Someone who is hyperventilating is the alveolar ventilation more or less than normal

Answer 22

The alveolar ventilation increases above normal

Question 23

During hypoventilation what gas increases in partial pressure and what gas decreases in pressure

Answer 23

Oxygen levels decrease in partial pressure (therefore increasing volume)
CO2 levels increase in partial pressure

Question 24

BASICALLLYYY , Someone chilling on a hammock is what and why?

Answer 24

Hyperventialting as is breathing in more oxygen

Question 25

How does the air we breathe in differ from the air present in the alveoli

Answer 25

becomes saturated going down respiratory tract - due to water present
previous dead air is now present in the air mix
residual volume is also present in the air mix

Question 26

If CO2 levels are high, what does that indicate

Answer 26

Your body is failing to expire properly

Question 27

What informs your body to breathe and why

Answer 27

Your body is sensitive to CO2 levels, therefore this propels your body to ventilate and expire CO2 preventing a build up

Question 28

When you exercise do you hyperventilate or hypoventilate and why?

Answer 28

You hyperventilate as although you are breathing in rapidly you are taking in deep breaths, therefore more air reaches the alveoli, increasing alveolar ventilation

Question 29

What two units is partial pressure normal refer to

Answer 29

mmHg or kPa units

Question 30

What pressure do all gas molecules exert and what effect does this have on partial pressure

Answer 30

they all exert the same pressure, therefore partial pressure increases with increasing gas

Question 31

True or false

anatomical dead space mix with air in the alveoli

Answer 31

false

Question 32

What is a measure of the volume in the conducting airways that isn’t arable for gas exchange

Answer 32

anatomical dead space

Question 33

During hyperventilation what does the Oxygen levels rise to and what do the carbon levels fall too (ALVEOLAR VENTILATION)

Answer 33

120mmHg/16Kpa

20mmHg 2.67Kpa

Question 34

During hypoventilation what does the Oxygen levels decrease to and what do the carbon levels increase too (ALVEOLAR VENTILATION)

Answer 34

30mmHg 4Kpa

100mmHg 13.3Kpa

Question 35

What is normal alveolar ventilation partial pressure for oxygen and co2

Answer 35

oxygen - 100mmHg /13.3Kpa

co2- 40mmHg/5.3kPa

Question 36

What is the conversion from mmHg to Kpa

Answer 36

1mmHg = 0.133kPa