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Respiratory system SA > Lower respiratory tract infections - children > Flashcards

Lower respiratory tract infections - children Flashcards

1
Q

What is examples of Lower respiratory tract infection

A 
Tracheatis 
Pnuemonia 
Bronchiolitis
Pertusis 
empyema
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2
Q

What is common bacterial infective agents

A

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae

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3
Q

What is common viral infective agents

A

RSV, parainfluenza III, influenza A and B, adenovirus

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4
Q

What bacterial infection causes tracheatis - sore throat

A

Staph or Strep

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of tracheatis

A

Barking cough
stridor
fever

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6
Q

What is the treatment for tracheatis in infant

A

antibiotics -Augmentin

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7
Q

What is the infectious agents for bronchitis

A

Haemophilus/Pneumococcus

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8
Q

What is the symptoms for bronchitis

A

loose rattley cough
glut following cough
NO WHEEZE

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9
Q

What is the mechanism for bronchitis

A

secondary infection caused by disturbed mucociliary clearance

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10
Q

What winter is the worst for bronchitis of infants

A

The first year

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11
Q

How long does bronchitis last

A

4 weeks

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12
Q

What are the criteria for persistent bronchitis

A

Wet cough
more than 1 month
remission with antibiotics

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13
Q

What can persistent bronchitis often be

A

asthma

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14
Q

What do you treat bronchitis with

A

nothing

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15
Q

What is bronchioltits

A

most common lower respiratory tract infection that affect babies under 12 months

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16
Q

How long does bronchiolitis last

A

2 week history

17
Q

What is the clinical signs of bronchiolitis

A 
runny nose 
shortness of breath 
poor feeding 
wheezing 
crackles
18
Q

What infectious microorganisms cause bronchiolitis

A

respiratory syncytial virus RSV usually

or para flu/HMPV

19
Q

When is bronchiolitis peak in infancy

A

3 months

20
Q

Why and why day since starting cough would you need help in bronchiolitis

A

Day 5 roughly, tongue can obstruct breathing and baby cant breathe through blocked nose so struggle to breathe

21
Q

What is the two steps in managing bronchiolitis

A

Maximal observation

Minimal intervention

22
Q

Why would a nasopharyngeal aspirate be carried out on a infant

A

to determine what kind of virus is causing a child’s respiratory infection.

23
Q

when would oxygen saturations be checked

A

when infants condition is severe

24
Q

What medications are proven to work on bronchiolitis

A

None

25
Q

What is the characteristics of a lower respiratory tract infection

A 
48 hrs, fever (>38.5oC), 
SOB, 
cough, 
grunting
Reduced or bronchial breath sounds
26
Q

The presence of a wheeze indicates

A

bacterial cause less likely

27
Q

When would you call it pneumonia instead of LRTI

A

Signs are focal
Creps
High fever

28
Q

What investigation is used to confirm clinical findings

A

chest x ray

29
Q

What is the management of pneumonia in infants

A

Nothing if symptoms are mild
Oral Amoxycillin first line
(Oral Macrolide second choice)

30
Q

when would antibiotics be administrated as IV

A

If infant is vomiting

31
Q

What is the only RTI which antibiotics could potentially be offered as treatment

A

Pneumonia
tracheitis
empyema

32
Q

What is another name for common infection pertussis and what is it

A

whooping cough

coughing fits - potentially followed by vomit

33
Q

Empyema is possible complication of what

A

pneumonia

34
Q

What is empyema

A

infection in the pleural space

35
Q

what is the symptoms of empyema

A

Chest pain and very unwell

36
Q

what is the management of empyema

A

antibiotics

surgery - drainage

37
Q

Who have a better prognosis for empyema kids or adults

A

kids

38
Q

What is the best management for RTI in infants

A

Oxygenation, hydration and nutrition

Respiratory system SA (37 decks)

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