Lower respiratory tract infections - children Flashcards
What is examples of Lower respiratory tract infection
Tracheatis Pnuemonia Bronchiolitis Pertusis empyema
What is common bacterial infective agents
Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae
What is common viral infective agents
RSV, parainfluenza III, influenza A and B, adenovirus
What bacterial infection causes tracheatis - sore throat
Staph or Strep
What are the symptoms of tracheatis
Barking cough
stridor
fever
What is the treatment for tracheatis in infant
antibiotics -Augmentin
What is the infectious agents for bronchitis
Haemophilus/Pneumococcus
What is the symptoms for bronchitis
loose rattley cough
glut following cough
NO WHEEZE
What is the mechanism for bronchitis
secondary infection caused by disturbed mucociliary clearance
What winter is the worst for bronchitis of infants
The first year
How long does bronchitis last
4 weeks
What are the criteria for persistent bronchitis
Wet cough
more than 1 month
remission with antibiotics
What can persistent bronchitis often be
asthma
What do you treat bronchitis with
nothing
What is bronchioltits
most common lower respiratory tract infection that affect babies under 12 months
How long does bronchiolitis last
2 week history
What is the clinical signs of bronchiolitis
runny nose shortness of breath poor feeding wheezing crackles
What infectious microorganisms cause bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus RSV usually
or para flu/HMPV
When is bronchiolitis peak in infancy
3 months
Why and why day since starting cough would you need help in bronchiolitis
Day 5 roughly, tongue can obstruct breathing and baby cant breathe through blocked nose so struggle to breathe
What is the two steps in managing bronchiolitis
Maximal observation
Minimal intervention
Why would a nasopharyngeal aspirate be carried out on a infant
to determine what kind of virus is causing a child’s respiratory infection.
when would oxygen saturations be checked
when infants condition is severe
What medications are proven to work on bronchiolitis
None
What is the characteristics of a lower respiratory tract infection
48 hrs, fever (>38.5oC), SOB, cough, grunting Reduced or bronchial breath sounds
The presence of a wheeze indicates
bacterial cause less likely
When would you call it pneumonia instead of LRTI
Signs are focal
Creps
High fever
What investigation is used to confirm clinical findings
chest x ray
What is the management of pneumonia in infants
Nothing if symptoms are mild
Oral Amoxycillin first line
(Oral Macrolide second choice)
when would antibiotics be administrated as IV
If infant is vomiting
What is the only RTI which antibiotics could potentially be offered as treatment
Pneumonia
tracheitis
empyema
What is another name for common infection pertussis and what is it
whooping cough
coughing fits - potentially followed by vomit
Empyema is possible complication of what
pneumonia
What is empyema
infection in the pleural space
what is the symptoms of empyema
Chest pain and very unwell
what is the management of empyema
antibiotics
surgery - drainage
Who have a better prognosis for empyema kids or adults
kids
What is the best management for RTI in infants
Oxygenation, hydration and nutrition
