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CRR > Ventilation and Lung Mechanics > Flashcards

Ventilation and Lung Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What walls(position) does the diaphragm arise from?

A

Lateral and posterior of the body cavity

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2
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Dome shaped muscle which lungs rest on

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3
Q

What happens to muscles during inspiration?

A

diaphragm and muscles contract and ribs elevate

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4
Q

What happens to muscles during expiration?

A

muscles relax and elastic properties of lungs allow it to relax

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5
Q

For air flow in the lungs where does there have to be a pressure difference?

A

between internal enviroment of lungs and external enviroment - similiar to flow of fluids

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6
Q

How can the flow rate be measured?

A

Pressure at point 1 minus pressure at point 2 divided by resistance to flow

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7
Q

What is the pressure in the alveoli described as?

A

When the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume (when one increases other decreases, always constant)

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8
Q

How can pressure in alveoli be measured?

A

Pressure is the number of moles of gas x gas constant x absolute temp / volume

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9
Q

What are the 2 reasons lungs would collapse?

A

Elastic recoil - elastic properties of alveolar walls

Surface tension - droplets forming in the alveoli cause alveolar membranes to be drawn together

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10
Q

What prevents collapse of the lung?

A

Surfactant and intrapleural pressure

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11
Q

Where is surfactant created?

A

From the alveolar epithelium and contains a mixture of lipoproteins

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12
Q

With surfactant what is the force produced by surface tension? what would it be without surfactant?

A

4mm Hg, 20-30mm HG

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13
Q

During expiration what pressure will the intrapleural pressure drop to?

A

2mm Hg below atmospheric pressure

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14
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

760mm Hg

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15
Q

Elastic recoil prevents lung collapse by balancing what?

A

Negative intrapleural pressure

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16
Q

What is the compliance of the lungs and thorax referred to as?

A

the ability to expand

17
Q

How is compliance measured?

A

Increased lung volume per unit of change in intrapulmonary pressure

18
Q

What is compliance expressed as?

A

Litres per cm of water L/cm

19
Q

What is the normal compliance of the lungs and thorax?

A

0.13L/cm

20
Q

What pressure needs to increase for lung volume to increase by 0.13L?

A

1cm increase in intrapulmonary pressure

21
Q

What tool can measure the flow of air in and out of lungs?

A

Spirometer

22
Q

What is air flow examined by?

A

The pulmonary volumes and capacities

23
Q

What are the pulmonary volumes a measure of?

A

Tidal volume, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume and Residual volume

24
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

volume of air passes in and out of lungs during normal inspiration and expiration 500ml

25
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Amount of air that can be inspired on top of the tidal volume 3000ml

26
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

Volume of air that can be exhaled forcefully 1100ml

27
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

volume of air still remaining in lungs after forcible expiration 1200ml

28
Q

What is the pulmonary capacities a measure of?

A

2 or more pulmonary volumes combined

29
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity?

A

normally 3500ml

30
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

measure of total air left in lungs after normal expiration 2300ml

31
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

total amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration 4600ml

32
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

Most air you can inspire in your lungs

33
Q

What is the minute respiratory volume?

A

total volume of air that passes through the respiratory system per minute usually 6L

34
Q

What is the dead air space?

A

region of respiratory system where gas exchange does not occur

35
Q

What can dead air space be divided into

A

Anatomical and physiological dead air spaces

36
Q

Where is the anatomical dead space?

A

Volume taken up by nasal cavities to terminal bronchioles 150ml

37
Q

What is the physiological dead air space?

A

anatomical dead air space and volume of non-functional alveoli

38
Q

what is the alveolar ventilation rate how is it calculated?

A

volume of air available for gas exchange per minute

Respiratory rate x (tital volume - dead air space)

CRR (27 decks)

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