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CRR > Anatomy of the Renal System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic functions of the renal system?

A 
Filter blood plasma to remove waste
Regulate blood volume and pressure
Regulate electrolyte balance
Regulate body fluid PH
Regulate RBC count
Contribute to calcium homeostatis
Detoxify Free Radicals and some drugs
Carry out gluconeogensis for starvation
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2
Q

What are the 6 organs of the renal system?

A

Kidneys R+L
Ureters R+L
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

Where is the kidney located in the body?

A

Between peritoneum and retroperitoneal space

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4
Q

What does the concave medial border of the kidney face?

A

vertebral column
Upper with T12
Lower with L3

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5
Q

Which ribs partially protect the kidneys?

A

11th and 12th ribs

Right is lower than left due to liver

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6
Q

What are the vital stats for kidneys?

A

130-160g
10-12cm long
5-7cm wide
3cm thick

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers surrounding the kidney?

A

Renal capsule
Adipose Capsule
Renal fascia

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8
Q

Describe the renal capsule?

A 
Deep Layer
Smooth
Dense irregular CT
continous with ureter
Trauma barrier
Maintains shape
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9
Q

Describe the Adipose capsule?

A

Middle
Fatty tissue
Trauma barrier
maintains position

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10
Q

Describe the Renal fascia?

A

Superficial layer
Dense Irregular CT
anchors kidney to abdominal wall

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11
Q

What is the Renal Parenchyma?

A

Renal cortex - superifical, smooth, brown

Renal medulla - deep, striated, Reddish

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12
Q

What is the renal sinus?

A

Anything thats not cortex or medulla (inside)

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13
Q

What does a renal lobe consist of?

A

1 renal pyramid
Overlaying area of renal cortex
1/2 adjecent renal column

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14
Q

What is the blood supply to the kidneys?

A

0.5% body mass
20-25% CO
Via L+R renal arteries from abdominal aorta
complex path of blood through kidney

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15
Q

What is the blood supply starting from the Renal Artery?

A

Renal Artery - segmental - interlobar - arcuate - interlobular - Afferent Arterioles- Glomerular capillaries - Efferent Arterioles

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16
Q

What capillaries dont drain into a venule? where do they drain instead?

A

Glomerular - drain into arteriole which drains into capillaries

17
Q

What are portal vessels?

A

Efferent arterioles

18
Q

What is the blood supply starting from the Efferent Arterioles?

A

Efferent Arterioles - Peritubular capillaries - Interlobular Veins - arcuate - interlobar - segmental - renal vein (i.e Inferior vena cava)

19
Q

Where do efferent arterioles go to?

A

Vasa recta (medullary capillaries to interlobular/arcuate veins

20
Q

Describe the nephron?

A

Functional unit
each afferent arteriole supplies 1 nephron
Blind ended tubes
2 main: Renal corpuscle and tubule

21
Q

What are 2 main parts of the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

22
Q

Describe the glomerulus?

A

Ball of capillaries supplied by afferent arteriole
Initial site of urine production
Drained by efferent arteriole
Inserted into Bowmans capsule like a fist
200 um in diam

23
Q

Describe the Bowmans capsule?

A

Site of blind end of nephron
Outer parietal layer continuous with renal tubule
Capsular space (filtrate collects)
Inner visceral layer has podocytes which envelop glomerular capillaries

24
Q

What is the Renal tubule consisted of?

A

PCT
Loop of henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct

25
Q

What are the 2 types of Nephrons?

A

Cortical 85% - glomeruli in outer cortex, short loops of henle
Juxtamedullary 15% - glomeruli in inner cortex, long loops of henle deep into medulla

26
Q

Describe the PCT?

A 
Proximal tubule
early part convoluted
Late part is striaght (recta)
15mm
cuboidal/columnar epithelium
27
Q

Describe the Loop of henle?

A

U shaped
descending and ascending limbs
thick and thin segments

28
Q

Describe thick part of Loop of henle?

A 
Simple cuboidal 
initial part of descending
all or part of ascending
has mitochondria
metabolically active
29
Q

Describe the thin segments of the Loop of Henle?

A 
Simple squamous
lower of descending limb
part of ascending
low metabolic activity
high permeability to water
30
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

final part of ascending loop of henle returns to afferent arteriole of same nephron
Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells SMC

31
Q

Describe the DCT?

A

similiar to thick ascending loop of henle
cuboidal
Late part cuboidal
Has 2 cell types;
- Principal cells ADH and aldosterone receptors
- Intercalated cells - Carbonic anhydrase PH

32
Q

Describe the Collecting duct?

A

recieves fluid from 6 distal tubules
In the medulla pair upto form -
ducts of bellini (drain into minor calyx’s)

CRR (27 decks)

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