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CRR > Fluid Compartments of the Body > Flashcards

Fluid Compartments of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

What does 1 litre of water weigh?

A

1 KG

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2
Q

What is the physiology of a male?

A

Weighs 70kg
60% of body weight is water
TBW (total) = 42 L

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3
Q

What is phsiology of a female?

A

50% body weight is water

TBW = 35 L

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4
Q

Describe Adipose tissue?

A 
Low water content 10-15%
More adipose in females
Content is high even in slim individuals
Responsible for TBW variation
TBW in same individual is remarkably constant
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5
Q

What are compartments in fluid physiology?

A

Virtual

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6
Q

What does body fluid divide into?

A 
Extracellular fluid (interstital, plasma, transcellular)
Intracellular fluid
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7
Q

Describe Intracellular fluid?

A

Virtual
Contained by cell membranes
potassium is major cation
Proteins and phosphate are major anions

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8
Q

Describe Extracellular fluid?

A

Any non-intracellular compartment
Sodium is major cation
Chloride and bicarbonate are important anions
Several sub-compartments

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9
Q

What is ECF Plasma fluid?

A

Fluid contained in blood

70ml per litre of plasma is of protein and lipid

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10
Q

What does 1 litre of plasma have?

A

930mls of actual fluid

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11
Q

What is ECF Interstitial fluid?

A

Occupies interstitial space
seperated from plasma fluid by capillary endothelium
Bathes the cells and is link between ICF and blood plasma
Virtual
Low in proteins
Excess ISF into plasma via lymph

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12
Q

Describe ECF Transcellular fluid?

A

Everything else
Seperate from plasma by additional epithelium
Specialised function:
urine, csf, lymph, gi tract, synovial fluid, eye and ear parts

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13
Q

Where is sodium high in?

A

Plasma, ISF and Urine

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14
Q

Where is K high?

A

ICF and a bit urine

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15
Q

Where is Mg high?

A

ICF

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16
Q

Where is calcium high?

A

Plasma

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17
Q

Where is chloride high?

A

Plasma
ISF
Urine

18
Q

Where is bicarb high?

A

Plasma ISF, Icf a bit

19
Q

What is the dilution principle about?

A

Quantity of dye tracer to target compartment , after equib measure dye conc

20
Q

What is the dilution principle?

A

Compartment volume (V) in ml = quantity of dye mg (Q) / conc of dye mg/ml (C)

21
Q

What is the volume of distrubution?

A

Q/C

22
Q

What is colourimetry?

A

Make up number of dye solutions to a known conc
shine light through and measure intensity of penetration
plot against calab curve

23
Q

What is osmolality?

A

analogous to the mole
non-disassociating substances identical to the mole;

n (no of ions) X molar conc

24
Q

What is a non-disassociating substance?

A

Glucose

25
Q

What is a disassociating substance?

A

NaCl into na and cl

26
Q

Describe body fluid osmolality?

A

Kept constant at 280-300 mosmol
Kidney major regulatory role
ICF and ECF osmolalities are identical as H2O readily cross cell memranes

27
Q

What are routes for water through cell membrane?

A

Abundant membrane water channels called aquaporins

- Diffusion , water is very concentrated soltion, SA of cell membrane very high to volume

28
Q

Describe Hydrostatic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted bt a fluid on the walls of a compartment

29
Q

Describe Osmotic pressure?

A

Equal to that and represents the pressure required to prevent net movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

30
Q

What is Isotonic?

A

Solution which does not cause changes in cell volume - RBC doesnt do haemolysis in isotonic solutions

31
Q

What is Isosmotic?

A

Solutions having same osmolality - isotonic solutions always isosmotic, but isosmotic are not isotonic

32
Q

Why do RBCS burst?

A

Because urea readily diffuses and equilibrates across cell membrane and cancels own osmotic pressure

33
Q

What are effective osmoles?

A

Cause net water movement by being impermeant through reference membrane and exerting osmotic pressure e.g Extracellular NA

34
Q

What are Ineffective Osmoles?

A

Diffuse readily across membranes cancelling own osmotic pressure e.g urea

35
Q

What is plasma protein oncotic colloid pressure?

A

Osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins
Large impermeant anions
transcapillary fluid dynamics
Pie symbol

36
Q

What is the gibbs-donnan effect?

A

Diffusible cations X Diffusible anions = diffusible cations x diffusible anions
Total number of ions greater on side 1 than side 2, side 1 more osmotic pressure

37
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

Passive solute movement - solvent drag
occurs in vessels
in form of filtration across capillary membranes

38
Q

What are starling forces?

A

forces that determine capillary filtration and reabsorption - movement of water and solutes between plasma and ISF
90% - ordinary diffusion
10% starling forces

39
Q

What do starling forces consist of?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Plasma protein oncotic pressure

40
Q

What does hydrostatic pressure depend on?

A

Arterial BP
Extent of transmission
Venous pressure (resistance to flow)

41
Q

Describe plasma protein oncotic pressure?

A

25mmhg
Constant as plasma proteins are effectively permeable
Plasma proteins are effective osmoles as impermeant

CRR (27 decks)

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