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CRR > Cardiac output & its regulation > Flashcards

Cardiac output & its regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiac putput?

A

is volume of blood that circulates through systematic blood vessels each minute

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2
Q

What is the CO in adult male?

A

stroke volume average 72ml and HR 75bpm

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3
Q

What 2 factors does cardiac output depend on?

A

Pressure resistance

Resistance of blood flow in specific vessels

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4
Q

What is BP?

A

Contraction of ventricles generates BP - flow of blood resulting from a pressure difference is opposed by a resistance to blood flow

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5
Q

What is the importance of BP?

A

Provide a driving force
ensure effective tissue perfusion
Keep vessels open

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6
Q

What tissues are BP critical for?

A

Brain and Kidneys

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7
Q

What happens in BP?

A

Pressure blood exerts against wall of a vessel

Arterial BP is pulsattile

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8
Q

What happens to BP in Right atria?

A

falls to 0mmHg as blood flows through circulation

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9
Q

What happens in systole?

A

Ventricle ejects blood from heart into aorta as pulsatile between 120 and 80

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10
Q

What does aorta stay constant at?

A

100mg as aorta has high compliance
arterial ends 30mm
Venous end 10mm

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11
Q

Why is resistance to venous system low?

A

veins have larger diameters and reduced resistance to blood flow

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12
Q

How to calculate CO?

A

Mean aterial BP by peripheral resistance

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13
Q

What is vascular resistance dependant on?

A

Lumen diameter
blood viscosity
blood vessel length

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14
Q

What happens at lumen size?

A

Resistance to flow is inversely propoertional to 4th power of d

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15
Q

What happens with blood viscosity?

A

thickness of blood can greatly affect resistnace to flow rate - can change to dehydration and polcythemia

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16
Q

What happens with blood vessel length?

A

Directly proportional to blood vessel legnth and estimated for each adipose tissue kg extra 650km blood vessles

17
Q

What is used for resistance to flow in vascular system?

A

Systematic vascular resistance SVR - depends on small blood vessels mainly arterioles

18
Q

Where is cardiovascular controlled in brain?

A

Medulla
recieves sensory info from baroreceptors
influence of symp and parasymp on heart and arterioles

19
Q

Where does heart gain sympathetic inputs?

A

cardiac accelarator nerves extend from thoracic to spinal cord

20
Q

What feedback on BP?

A

Negative regulates BP via baroreceptors

21
Q

How is hormones regulated?

A

Rening-angiotensin aldosterone

When bp low - renin secreted by kidneys produce angiotensin II

22
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A

Vasoconstricts Arterioles

Increases secretion of aldosterone

23
Q

What e.g increase ABP?

A

exercise, kidney, pregnancy, anxiety

24
Q

What e.g decrease ABP?

A

Haemorrage, posture, dehydration

25
Q

What is hypertension and hypotension?

A

Hypertension - >140

Hypotension <90

CRR (27 decks)

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